182 AQUIFOLIACEAE. 



Rachis of the leaf winged. 1. R. copallina. 



Rachis of the leaf not winged. 



Leaves and twigs copiously bristly pubescent : leaflets not 



glaucous. 2. R. hiria. 



Leaves and twigs glabrous or nearly so : leaflets glaucous 



beneath. 3. R. glabra. 



1. R. copallina L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10' m. tall: leaflets 9-21; blades 

 oblong to oblong-lanceolate or sometimes oval, 3-10 cm. long: stone of the 

 drupe about 4 mm. long. - — Common, in old fields, thickets and waste places. — 

 Dwarf-sumac. 



2. R. hirta (L.) Sudw. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaflets 11-31; 

 blades oblong to lanceolate, or that of the terminal one ovate-lanceolate, 4—15 

 cm. long: petals about 3 mm. long: drupes bristly, the stone 3-3.5 mm. long. 

 — Common, on roadsides and hillsides, and in thickets. — Staghorn-sumac. 



3. R. glabra L. Shrub, or tree becoming 2-4 m. tall: leaflets 11-31; blades 

 oblong or lanceolate (that of the terminal one often ovate), 3-8 cm. long: 

 petals about 2 mm. long: drupes velvety, the stone 3-3.5 mm. long. — Common, 

 in fields and thickets. — Smooth-sumac. 



2. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with 

 poisonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers polygamous, in 

 rather dense panicles. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6. Ovary glabrous: styles short. 

 Drupe glabrous, the sarcocarp wax-secreting. Stone ribbed. 



Leaves with 3 leaflets : vine : panicles short-peduncled. 1. T. radicans. 



Leaves with 7-13 leaflets: shrub or tree: panicles long-peduncled. 2. T. Vernix. 



1. T. radicans (L.) Kuntze. Stems climbing: blades of the leaflets mem- 

 branous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-20 cm. long: sepals ovate, 1 mm. long: 

 petals oblong to oblong-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long: drupes 5-6 mm. in diameter, in 

 spreading panicles. — Common, in thickets, woods and fence-rows. — Sum. — 

 Poison-ivy. Poison-oak. 



2. T. Vernix (L.) Kuntze. Shrubs or small tree: blades of the lateral leaflets 

 oblong, elliptic, or oval, 4-15 em. long, undulate: petals linear-oblong, about 

 2 mm. long: drupes subglobose, about 5 mm. broad, in drooping panicles. — 

 Frequent, in swamps. — Spr. — Poison-sumac. Poison-dogwood. Poison- 

 elder. 



Family 2. AQUIFOLIACEAE. Holly Family. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades simple. Flowers perfect 

 or polygamous. Calyx of 4r-6 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4—6 petals, 

 Avhicli are often united at the base. Androeeium of 4—6 stamens. Gynoe- 

 eium of 4-8 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous. 



1. ILEX L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or 

 toothed. Flowers sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Corolla 

 rotate, deciduous. Drupe with 4-8 nutlets. — Spr. — Holly. 



Leaves deciduous ; blades not leathery, not spiny-toothed : nutlets smooth. 

 Staminate and pistillate flowers short-pedicelled : sepals ciliolate. 



1. /. verticillata. 

 Staminate flowers long-pedicelled, pistillate flowers short- 

 pedicelled : sepals not ciliolate. 2. /. laevigata. 

 Leaves persistent ; blades leathery, spiny-toothed : nutlets ribbed. 3. /. opaca. 



1. I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray. Shrub, or small tree sometimes 7 m. tall, with 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent twigs: leaf -blades thickish, elliptic or oval, 

 varying to ovate or obovate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, 

 more or less pubescent beneath, often reticulate, serrate: staminate calyx about 

 2.5 mm. wide: staminate corolla 6-7 mm. wide: drupes 6—8 mm. in diameter, 

 red. — Frequent, in swamps and low grounds. — Winterberry. Black-alder. 



