186 VITACEAE. 



Order RHAMNALES. 



Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves typically alternate. Flowers regular, 

 sometimes imperfect or incomplete. Calyx present. Corolla present or 

 wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium 

 of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit a capsule 

 or a berry or drupaceous. 



Sepals manifest : petals involute : fruit capsular or drupaceous. 



Fam. 1. Frangulaceae. 

 Sepals minute or obsolete : petals valvate : fruit baccate. Fam. 2. Vitaceae. 



Family 1. FRANGULACEAE. Buckthorn Family. 



Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades simple, pinnately veined. 

 Flowers perfect or polygamous, or sometimes dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 

 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of 4 or 5 

 stamens opposite the petals. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit 

 capsular or drupaceous, sometimes separating into nutlets. 



Fruits pulpy : disk free from the ovary. 1. Rhamnds. 



Fruits dry : disk adnata to the ovary. 2. Ceanothus. 



1. EHAMNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades 

 entire or toothed, many-ribbed. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious. Sepals 

 4 or 5, keeled within. Petals 4 or 5, commonly concave, clawless, or nearly so, 

 shorter than the sepals, or wanting. Stamens 4 or 5, surrounded by the petals: 

 anthers acute. Drupe berry-like, not lobed, with 3 or 4 nutlets. 



1. K. alnifolia L'Her. Shrub mostly 1 m. tall or less, the twigs glabrous or 

 puberulent : leaf -blades elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or obovate, 3-10 cm. 

 long, obtuse or acutish, rather finely serrate, short -petioled: flowers short- 

 pedicelled: sepals triangular or triangular-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long: fruits 

 obovoid or globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, black. — M. Eare, in the Diller- 

 ville swamp, Lancaster. — Limestones. — Spr. — Buckhorn. 



2. CEANOTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate : blades usually 

 toothed, commonly 3-ribbed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, converging. Petals 

 5, longer than the sepals, clawed, the blades hooded. Stamens 5, exserted: 

 anthers emarginate. Drupe lobed, separating into 3 carpels. 



1. C. americanus L. Shrub 2-9 dm. tall: leaf -blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 

 or rarely orbicular-ovate, serrate: sepals about 1.5 mm. long: petals about 2 

 mm. long : fruits 5-6 mm. broad. — Common, in dry thickets and woods. — 

 Spr. and sum. — New- Jersey tea. Eed-root. 



Family 2. VITACEAE. Grape Family. 



Vines, sometimes shrubby or tree-like, usually with tendrils. Leaves 

 alternate or the lower ones oj^posite : blades simple or compound. Flowers 

 perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, often fragrant. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, 

 or obsolete. Corolla of 4 or 5 often caducous petals, or wanting. Androe- 

 cium of 4 or 5 stamens opposite the petals. Gynoecium of usually 2 

 united carpels. Fruit a berry. 



Corolla not expanding : inflorescence elongate : hypogynous disk present : leaf-blades 

 simple. 1. ViTis. 



Corolla expanding: inflorescence flat-topped: hypogynous disk 



wanting, or obsolete : leaf-blades compound. 2. Pakthenocissus. 



