VIOLACEAE. 193 



2. LECHEA Kalm. Erect plants with many very leafy shoots at the 

 base of the stem in the fall. Leaf -blades narrow, or those of the leaves on the 

 shoots often broad and short. Flowers complete, minute. Corolla purplish or 

 greenish. Ovules erect. Capsules all alike. — Sum. — Pinweed. 



Capsules oblong : pedicels over 1.5 mm. long : calyx glabrous at maturity. 



1. L. racemulosa. 

 Capsules globular : pedicels 1 mm. long or less : calyx perma- 

 nently pubescent. 2. L. villosa. 



1. L. racemulosa Michx. Stems 1.5-5 dm. tall, the branches divergent or 

 ascending: stem-leaves with oblong or linear-oblong blades narrowed at the 

 base, 8-18 mm. long; leaves of the basal shoots smaller than the stem-leaves: 

 panicle sparsely leafy: flowers not close together: inner sepals broadly oblong, 

 about 1.5 mm. long: petals linear-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long: pods oblong or 

 nearly so, longer than the sepals. — M. S. Common, on dry banks and road- 

 sides. — Quartzite, schists. 



2. L. villosa Ell. Stems 3-8 dm. tall, the branches ascending: stem-leaves with 

 oblong or elliptic blades 15-25 mm. long; leaves of the basal shoots broader 

 than the stem-leaves: panicle-branches ascending: flowers close together: inner 

 sepals broadly oblong, 1.5-1.8 mm. long: petals linear-oblong, about 1 mm. 

 long: pods globose, about 1.5 mm. in diameter. — M. S. Occasional, on the 

 river shore, and along the Conestoga. — Limestones, schists. 



Family 3. VIOLACEAE. Violet Family. 



Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite : blades 

 simple. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 5 nearly equal sepals. 

 Corolla of 5 unequal petals. Androeeium of 5 converging or syngenesious 

 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a capsule. 



Sepals auricled at the base : lower petal spurred : stamens distinct. 1. Viola. 

 Sepals not auricled at the base : lower petal not spurred : stamens 



united. 2. Cubelium. 



1. VIOLA [Tourn.] L. Scapose or caulescent herbs, with short or elon- 

 gate rootstocks. Leaf-blades narrow or broad, often of a cordate type. 

 Flowers various: petaliferous ones appearing in spring, solitary on elongate 

 peduncles; later cleistogamous flowers appear which produce fruits with abun- 

 dant seed. Corolla mostly violet, purple, yellow, or white. Stamens 5 in each 

 petaliferous flower, the two lower ones with appendages that project into the 

 sac or spur of the lower petal; these two stamens alone develop in the 

 cleistogamous flowers. Capsule often nodding, elastically 3-valved. — Allied 

 species freely hybridize; the hybrids show marked vegetative vigor, but im- 

 paired fertility. — Violet. — The following treatment of Viola is taken from 

 that written by Professor Ezra Brainerd for my Flora of the Southeastern 

 United States. (Second Edition, 1913.) —J.K.S. 



Plants acaulescent : leaves and scapes from a rootstock or from runners. 

 Flowers without marked fragrance : native plants. 

 Corolla violet or purple : plants without stolons. 



All petals beardless : cleistogamous flowers wanting. 1. V. pcdata. 

 Lateral petals bearded : cleistogamous flowers 

 present. 

 Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on short prostrate 

 peduncles : capsules usually brown. 

 All, or all except the early and late, leaves 

 with lobed, parted or divided blades. 

 All leaves, except sometimes the first 

 leaf of spring, with palmately 5- 

 11-Iobed or -parted blades. 



Lancaster County Flora 13, 



