VIOLACEAE. 197 



14. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate, obtuse 

 or rarely acute, glabrous on both sides; petioles and scapes often dotted with 

 red in summer and more or less hirsutulous: lateral petals usually bearing a 

 small tuft of hairs, the upper petals broadly obovate : seeds 1 mm. long, almost 

 black. [F. blanda of recent authors, not of Willd.] — N. S. Occasional, in 

 springy places and along streams. — Sandstones and shales, scMsts. 



15. V. primulifolia L. Plant often quite glabrous, but usually more or less 

 pubescent especially toward the base of the petioles: leaf -blades oblong or 

 ovate, the base slightly cordate, rounded or tapering, obscurely crenate-serrate; 

 petioles often broadly winged above: flowers white: capsules green, their 

 peduncles erect as in V. lanceolata: seeds reddish-brown, 1.5 mm. long. — N. S. 

 Frequent, in moist open grounds. — Sandstones and shales, schists. 



16. V. lanceolata L. Stolons leafy, often hearing apetalous flowers: leaves and 

 scapes glabrous, 5-8 cm. high at time of vernal flowering; later leaves with 

 lanceolate or elliptic blades, 10-15 mm. wide, 7-15 cm. long, obscurely 

 crenulate. gradually tapering into margined, often reddish, petioles: sepals 

 broadly lanceolate, acute: lateral petals usually beardless: cleistogamous cap- 

 sules 6-12 mm. long, on erect peduncles but usually shorter than the leaves: 

 seeds dark-brown. — E. S. Eather rare^ in moist meadows. — Quartsite, schists. 



17. V. rotundifolla Michx. Eootstock long and stout, jagged with the per- 

 sistent bases of former leaves: runners short, usually without roots or leaves, 

 bearing 1-4 cleistogamous flowers : leaf -blades oval or orbicular, cordate with 

 short and narrow sinus, repand-erenulate, at vernal flowering sparsely hirtellous, 

 2-3 em. wide, in midsummer mostly glabrate, 6-10 cm. wide, prostrate: corolla 

 bright-yellow, the three lower petals with brown veins, the lateral ones bearded; 

 style clavate, abruptly capitate, beakless: capsules ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, closely 

 dotted with purple : seeds nearly white. — N. S. Eare, in dry or rocky woods. 

 — Sandstones and shales, schists. 



18. V. odorata L. Plant producing above ground leafy stolons rooting freely 

 at the nodes: leaf -blades broadly cordate-ovate, finely pubescent: flowers violet 

 or white, very fragrant: style hook-shaped: capsules from apetalous flowers 

 broadly ovoid, angled, pubescent, purple: seeds large, cream-colored. — Com- 

 mon, on roadsides and about dwellings. Nat. of Eu. — Sweet-violet. English- 

 violet. 



19. V. eriocarpa Schwein. Plant glabrous except for minute pubescence along 

 veins on lower leaf -surf aces and on upper parts of petioles and stem: stems 

 ascending, commonly 2-4 from one rootstock: radical leaves 1-5; blades cor- 

 date-reniform, on long petioles; cauline leaves only on upper half of stem; 

 blades broadly ovate, subcordate, acuminate, the uppermost smaller, truncate, 

 nearly sessile ; stipules ovate to lanceolate, nearly entire, glabrous, tardily 

 scarious : sepals narrowly lanceolate : lateral petals bearded : capsule ovoid, 

 woolly or sometimes glabrous: cleistogamous flowers on short peduncles from 

 axils of upper leaves: seeds brown, 2.5 mm. long. [V. scabriuscula Schwein.] 

 — • Common, in low open woods. — Smooth yellow- violet. 



20. V. pubescens Ait. Plant softly pubescent: stems 2-3 dm. high, often 

 solitary: leaves, either cauline, 2-4, near the summit, or occasionally a long- 

 petioled root-leaf is present ; blades broadly ovate, cordate or truncate-decur- 

 rent at the base, crenate-dentate, somewhat pointed; stipules large, ovate- 

 oblong: sepals narrowly lanceolate: lateral petals bearded: capsules ovoid, 

 10-12 mm. long, glabrous or sometimes woolly: seeds brown, 2.5 mm. long. — 

 Common, in dry rich woods. — Downy y^ellow-violet. 



21. V. canadensis L. Stems usually 3-4 dm. high, minutely pubescent: leaf- 

 blades cordate-ovate, pointed, serrate; stipules sharply lanceolate: sepals 

 slender, acuminate, spreading: lateral petals bearded, the spurred petal yellow 

 at the base and striped with fine dark lines: capsules subglobose, 6-10 mm. 



