198 ■ VIOLACEAE. 



long, often downy or puberulent : seeds brown. — N. Eare, in woods. — Sand- 

 stones and shales. — Canada-violet. 



22. V. striata Ait. Stems several, ascending, 15-30 cm. long when in flower, 

 in late summer often 6 dm. long, decumbent : leaves glabrous or nearly so ; 

 blades cordate-ovate, 2-4 cm. broad, usually acuminate, finely crenate-serrate; 

 stipules large, oblong-lanceolate: sepals ciliolate, narrow, attenuate: corolla 

 white or cream-colored: style beaked: capsules ovoid, glabrous, 4-6 mm. long: 

 seeds light-brown. — Common, in low thickets and woods. 



23. V. conspersa Eeichenb. Eootstock oblique, often much branched: stems, 

 at time of vernal flowering, 8-16 cm. high: lower leaf -blades cordate-orbicular, 

 obtuse, the upper ones cordate-ovate, crenate, subacuminate, becoming 2-4 cm. 

 wide: flowers numerous, usually pale-violet, sometimes white, raised above the 

 leaves on axillary peduncles 5-8 cm. long: cleistogamous flowers in summer on 

 short peduncles from the same axils that bore vernal flowers, or from axils of 

 later leaves of the lengthened stem : styles bent downward at the tip and 

 slightly hairy: seeds light-brown. — Common, in low woods and shaded grounds. 



24. V. rostrata Pursh, Stems often numerous, commonly 1-2 dm. high: leaf- 

 blades orbicular to broadly ovate, cordate, nearly or quite glabrous, serrate, the 

 upper acute or pointed: petaliferous flowers borne on long peduncles above the 

 leaves: petals spotted with darker-violet, all beardless, the spur slender, 10-12 

 mm. long: later cleistogamous flowers with minute or aborted petals and on 

 short peduncles from the axils of the upper leaves: style straight, beakless, 

 glabrous: capsules ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, glabrous: seeds light-brown. — N. 

 Occasional, in woods. — Sandstones and shales. — Long-spurred violet. 



25. V. Rafinesctuii Greene. Plant annual, glabrous, with the slender stem often 

 branched from the base: leaf -blades small, the lowest 6-10 mm. wide, orbicu- 

 lar, on slender petioles, the upper obovate to linear-oblanceolate, sparsely 

 crenulate, attenuate at the base; stipules pectinately cut, the upper segment 

 elongated, narrowly spatulate, mostly entire ; internodes usually exceeding the 

 leaves: flowers small, but the obovate bluish-white to cream-colored petals 

 nearly twice the length of the lanceolate sepals: seeds light-brown, 1.2 mm. 

 long. — Common, on banks and roadsides and in fields. 



26. V. tricolor L. Similar to the preceding but stouter, often 3 dm. high, 

 erect or branching and decumbent: leaf -blades ovate on the lower part of the 

 stem, lanceolate or oval above, noticeably crenate or crenate-serrate; stipules 

 laciniate or pinnatifid, the upper lobe usually much enlarged, oblanceolate, 

 crenate: corolla much longer than the lanceolate sepals, mostly yellow, violet, 

 purple, or white, or variegated : capsules obovoid or oval. — Occasional, about 

 gardens and on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. — Pansy. 



2. CUBELIUM Eaf. Caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades relatively broad. 

 Corolla green. Style bent above the ovary. Capsule several-seeded. 



1. C. concolor (Forst.) Eaf. Plant pubescent, 3-9 dm. high: leaf -blades 

 oblong or elliptic, tapering to a short petiole; stipules linear: flowers on short 

 recurved peduncles, 1-3 in the axils: petals 3.5-4.5 mm. long: capsules oblong, 

 1.5-3 cm. long: seeds ovoid, 4-5 mm. long. — M. S. Occasional, in rich woods. 

 — Limestones, quartzite, schists. — Spr. — Green-\iolet. 



Order PASSIFLORALES. 



Herbs, vines, or shrubby plants, or succulent trees with milky sap. 

 Leaves alternate: blades entire or lobed. Flowers perfect or dioecious. 

 Calyx of 4 or 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 distinct or 

 united petals, sometimes accompanied by a fringed crown, or rarely want- 



