206 HEDERACEAE. 



1. NYSSA L. Shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leaves alternate, 

 deciduous. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, on spreading peduncles, the staminate 

 with 5-several sepals and .5-many stamens, the pistillate with 5 sepals and a 1- 

 celled pistil. Drupe somewhat elongate. — Tupelo. 



1. N. sylvatica Marsh. Tree becoming 50 m. tall: leaf -blades oval or obovate, 

 or rarely oblanceolate, 5-15 cm. long: flowers slender-peduncled, green: drupes 

 oval, 15-17 mm. long, dark-blue. — Common, in dry soil. — Spr. ■ — ^ SouR-GUM. 

 Black-gum, Pepperidge. 



2. SVIDA Opiz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate. 

 Flowers in naked erect corymb-like cymes. Sepals 4, minute. Petals 4, white, 

 spreading. Stamens 4. Drupe globular or depressed. — Spr. or early sum. — 

 Cornel. DoGV^^ooD. 



Leaves opposite, remote : drupes white or pale- or light-blue. 



Drupes blue : leaf-blades copiously pubescent beneath, at least when young. 



Leaf-blades orbicular or ovate-orbicular : sepals deltoid. 1. 8. circinata. 



Leaf-blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate : sepals lanceolate. 2. 8. Amomum. 



Drupes white : leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so beneath. 3. 8. candidissima. 

 Leaves alternate, approximate at the end of the branches : 



drupes deep-blue or blue-black. 4. 8. altcrnifoUa. 



1. S. circinata (L'Her.) Small. Shrub 3 m. tall or less with green twigs: leaf- 

 blades oval, or somewhat ovate to suborbicular, 5-15 cm. long, acute or short- 

 acuminate, sparingly pubescent but green above, pale and rather copiously 

 woolly beneath: cymes dense, 4-9 cm. wide: sepals deltoid, acute: petals 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long: stamens exceeding the petals: 

 drupes globose, about 5 mm. in diameter, light-blue. — M. Eare, along the 

 Conestoga above Lancaster. — Limestones. 



2. S. Amomum (Mill.) Small. Shrub with purple twigs: leaf -blades lanceo- 

 late to broadly ovate, 3-13 cm. long, silky and often somewhat rusty beneath: 

 drupes 6-8 mm. in diameter, pale-blue. — Common, in moist thickets and along 

 streams. — Kinnikinnik. Silky-cornel. 



3. S. candidissima (Marsh.) Small. Shrub with gray twigs: leaf -blades ellip- 

 tic or lanceolate, 4-15 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate : drupes subglobose, 4-5 mm. in diameter. — N. E. Rather rare, in 

 thickets and on roadsides. — Sandstones and shales. 



4. S. altemifolia (L. f.) Small. Shrub, or tree sometimes 9 m. tall: leaf- 

 blades elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or obovate, 5-15 cm. long, whitish 

 beneath, prominently ribbed: petals oblong-ovate: drupes depressed-globose, 

 8-10 mm. in diameter, blue-black. — N, Rather rare, in woods and thickets. 

 — Sandstones and shales. 



3. CYNOXYLON Raf. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers per- 

 fect, in conspicuously involucrate heads. Sepals 4, broadly ovate to oblong. 

 Petals 4, greenish or yellow-green, recurving. Stamens 4. Drupe elongate. 



1. C. floridum (L.) Raf. Shrub, or tree sometimes 15 m. tall, with very rough 

 black bark: leaf -blades elliptic to oval, 6-18 cm. long, pale beneath: involucral 

 bracts white or pink, obovate, 4-6 cm. long: petals linear. 3-4.5 mm. long: 

 drupes oblong to oval, about 15 mm. long, red. — Common, in woods and on 

 hillsides. — Spr. — Flowering-dogwood. 



Family 2. HEDERACEAE. Ivy Family. 



Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades simple or 

 compound. Flowers perfect or polygamous, often umbellate. Calyx of 

 5 sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of 5 or 10 stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 

 united carpels. Styles distinct. Fruit a berry or a druj^e. 



