MONOTROPACEAE. 215 



2. P. americana Sweet. Plants 2-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades tliickish, 2-5 cm. 

 long, mostly shorter than the petiole: sepals 2-3 mm. long: petals obovate to 

 orbicular-obovate, 7-9 mm. long: capsules 6-7 mm. wide. — Common, in woods. 



3. P. chlorantha Sw. Plants mostly 1.5-3 dm. tall: leaf -blades suborbicular, 

 varying to oval or reniform, 1-2.5 cm. long, obtuse, undulate, or obscurely 

 toothed, mostly shorter than the petioles: sepals deltoid: petals suborbicular 

 to orbicular-obovate, 6.5-9 mm. long: anthers 2.5 mm. long: capsules 7-9 mm. 

 wide. — Turkey Hill, along the Susquehanna. — Limestones, schists. 



4. P. elliptlca Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades thinnish, 3-9 cm. long, 

 mostly longer than the petiole: sepals triangular-ovate: petals oblong to 

 oblong-obovate, 5.5-7 mm. long : capsules 5-6 mm. wide. — Common, in woods. 



2. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Leaves with relatively narrow blades. Flowers 

 in corymbs. Filaments with pubescent or erose-ciliate appendages at the base. 

 Capsule erect, the valve-margins glabrous. — Sum. — Pipsissewa. 



Sepals longer than wide : petals ciliolate all around : filament-appendages pubescent. 



1. C. macidata. 

 Sepals wider than long : petals erose-ciliolate and jagged at the 



apex : filament-appendages erose-ciliate. 2. C. utniellata. 



1. C. maculata (L.) Pursh. Plant 7-22 cm. tall: leaf -blades lanceolate or 

 sometimes broader, 2-5 cm. long, variegated: sepals rounded at the apex, 

 ciliolate: petals 10-12 mm. long: filament-appendages narrow. — Common, in 

 woods. — Spotted-wixtergreen. 



2. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Plant 9-32 em. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate, 

 cuneate, or obovate-cujaeate, 2-10 cm. long, not variegated: sepals not rounded 

 at the apex, erose: petals 9-11 mm. long: filament -appendages broad. — 

 Common, in woods. — Prince 's-pine. 



Family 2. MONOTROPACEAE. Indian-pipe Family. 



Saprophytic or humus herbs, with matted roots. Stems scape-like, 

 simple. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in racemes, or solitary, nod- 

 ding. Calyx of 2-6 deciduous sepals. Corolla white or colored, of 3-6 

 petals, or wanting. Androecium of 6-12 stamens : anthers with valves or 

 pores. Gynoecium of 4—6 united carpels: stigma capitate, disc-like, or 

 funnelform. Fruit a 4— 6-valved loculicidal capsule. 



Flower solitary : anthers opening by 2 pores : plant white or pale pink, drying black. 



1. MONOTEOPA. 



Flowers several : anthers unequally valvate : plant yellowish or red. 2. IIypopitys. 



1. MONOTROPA L. White or pale-pink wax-like herbs. Flowers color- 

 less. Sepals 2-4, unequal. Petals 5 or 6, dilated at the apex. Gynoecium 

 glabrous. 



1. M. uniflora L. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, black when dry: sepals spatulate or ob- 

 long-spatulate, 10-16 mm. long: erose at the apex: petals 17-18 mm. long. — 

 Common, in rich woods. — Sum. — Indian-pipe. Corpse-plant. 



2. HYPOPITYS Adans. Colored fragrant herbs. Flowers in a terminal 

 raceme, deep-pink, yellow, red, or crimson. Sepals and petals 5 each in the 

 earliest flower, 3 or 4 in the later ones. Gynoecium pubescent. — Sum. and 

 fall. — Pine-sap. False beech-drops. 



Stigma not retrorsely bearded : style sparingly pubescent : sepals and petals with 

 short cilia. 1. H. americana. 



Stigma retrorsely bearded : style copiously pubescent : sepals 



and petals with long cilia. 2. H. lanuginosa. 



