VERBENACEAE. 243 



lobes acuminate, each with an ovate to lanceolate body: corolla yellowish or 

 purplish, 10-15 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse, the appendages lanceolate: 

 nutlets 3-4 mm. long. — Occasional, on roadsides and about gardens. Nat. of 

 Eu. — Sum. — CoMFREY. Healixg-hebb. 



9. BORAGO L. Annual or perennial herbs. Corolla rotate, regular or 

 nearly so, the throat appendaged. Free portions of the filaments short. 



1. B. officinalis L. Plant 2-10 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf -blades oblong to oblong- 

 ovate, 4-9 cm. long, shallowly toothed, on winged petioles: cymes few-many- 

 flowered: calyx bristly; lobes linear-lanceolate, 10-13 mm. long: corolla blue 

 or rarely white, 3-4 cm. wide; lobes ovate-lanceolate: nutlets 4-5 mm. long, 

 tubercled. — M. Occasional, on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. — Sum. — Borage. 



10. ECHIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Corolla funnel- 

 form, markedly irregular, the throat imappendaged. Free portion of the 

 filaments elongate. 



1. E. vulgare L. Plants 3-7 dm. tall, bristly-pubescent: leaf -blades linear- 

 oblanceolate below, linear to linear-lanceolate above, 2-15 cm. long: calyx- 

 lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, becoming 8-12 mm. long: corolla blue or 

 purplish, or rarely white ; lobes 5-6 mm. long : style pubescent : nutlets about 

 3 mm. long, wrinkled. Common, in old fields and on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. — 

 Sum. — Viper 's-BUGLOSS. Blue-devil. Blueweed. 



Family 7. VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Stems commonly angled. Leaves alternate, 

 opposite, or whorled : blades simjale or rarely compound. Calyx of 4 or 5 

 partially or wholly united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united petals, 

 sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2 or 4 stamens, the filaments more or 

 less adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-4-earpellary, the style ter- 

 minal. Fruit baccate or drupaceous or an aggregate of 2 or 4 nutlets. 



Corolla nearly regular ; lobes 5 : fruit of 4 nutlets. 1. Verbena. 



Corolla 2-lipped ; lobes 4 : fruit of 2 nutlets. 2. Phyla. 



1. VERBENA [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- 

 blades entire, toothed or parted. Flowers in elongate, often very slender 

 spikes, the bracts narrow. Calyx mainly tubular, 5-lobed. Corolla white or 

 colored, salverf orm : lobes 5, unequal. Anthers unappendaged. Fruit an 

 aggregate of 4, often narrow, nutlets filling the calyx. — Sum. — Verbena. 

 Vervain. 



Bracts inconspicuous, shorter tlian tlie calyx or the corolla. 

 Spikes slender, continuous by the imbricate fruits. 



Spikes sessile or nearly so : corolla-limb 8-9 mm. wide : plants densely soft- 

 pubescent. 1- V. stricta. 

 Spikes peduncled : corolla-limb 2.5-6 mm. wide : plants 

 sparingly pubescent or glabrous. 

 Leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate : nutlets 



smooth or nearly so. 2. V. hastata. 



Leaf-blades linear-spatulate to linear : nutlets reticu- 

 late. 3. V. angustifoHa. 

 Spikes very slender, becoming interrupted, the fruits, at 

 least, not imbricate. 

 Leaf-blades merely toothed : corolla white. 4. V. vrticaefolia. 

 Leaf-blades pinnately 1-2-cIeft or incised : corolla purple 



or blue. 5. r. offJcinaUs. 



Bracts conspicuous, much longer than the calyx and corolla. 6. V. bracteosa. 



1. V. stricta Vent. Perennial, 2-12 dm. tall, densely pale-pubescent: leaves 

 3-10 cm. long; blades suborbicular, oval, or oblong, serrate or incised: spikes 



