258 EHINANTHACEAE. 



3. V. Thapsus L. Stems 3-18 dm. tall, woolly with long matted hairs: leaf- 

 blades spatulate to elliptic-spatulate on the lower part of the stem, oblanceo- 

 late to elliptic-obovate above, eutire: pedicels woolly: calyx-lobes triaagular- 

 lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long: corolla yellow or rarely white; longer lobe 8-11 

 mm. long : capsules ovoid, 7-10 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx. — Com- 

 mon, in old fields and thickets. Nat. of Eu. — Common-mullen. 



2. CYMBALAE.IA Medic. Perennial creeping or diffuse herbs. Leaf- 

 blades broad, mostly palmately lobed. Flowers solitary in the leaf-axils. 

 Calyx-lobes slightly longer than the tube. Corolla 2-lipped, short-spurred, the 

 throat nearly or wholly closed by a palate. Stamens 4: filaments glabrous. 

 Capsule with 2 apical pores. Seeds sharply ridged-wrinkled. 



1. C. Cymbalaria (L.) Wettst. Stem and branches trailing or creeping, gla- 

 brous, succulent: leaf -blades suborbicular to reniforni, 0.5-3 cm. wide, the 

 lobes broad: calyx 2-2.5 mm. long; lobes lanceolate: corolla blue or lilac, 8-10 

 mm. long ; spur 1.5-2 mm. long : pedicels becoming recurved : capsules sub- 

 globose, 3-3.5 mm. in diameter. — S. Occasional, on damp stone walls. Nat. 

 of Eu. — Sum. — Kenilworth-ivy. Coliseum-ivy. 



3. LINAEIA [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial erect herbs. 

 Leaf-blades narrow, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or 

 panicles. Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube. Corolla 2-lipped, spurred, 

 the throat partly closed by a palate. Stamens 4: filaments glabrous. Cap- 

 sule with subapical pores. Seeds angled or wrinkled. — Sum. — Toad-flax. 



Corolla blue: plants annual or biennial: leaves few. 1. 7y. canadensis. 



Corolla yellow : plants perennial : leaves numerous. 2. L. Linaria. 



1. L. canadensis (L.) Dumort. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: 

 leaf -blades narrowly linear: calyx-lobes linear or linear-oblong, 2.5-3 mm. 

 long : corolla 5-7 mm. long ; lateral lobes of the lower lip rounded ; spur mostly 

 4-5 mm. long : capsules about 2.5 mm. long. — S. Occasional, on dry banks. 

 — Schists. — Blue toad-flax. 



2, L. Linaria (L.) Karst. Stems 1-10 dm. tall, glaucous: leaf -blades linear 

 or nearly so : calyx-lobes ovate, 3-4 mm. long : corolla 2.5-3 cm. long ; spur 

 nearly as long as the lower lip: capsules 9-12 mm. long. — Common, in fields 

 and on roadsides. Nat. of Eu. — Snapdragon. Butter- and-eggs. Eamsted. 



4. SCE-OPHULAHIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial stiff herbs. Leaf -blades 

 toothed or incised. Flowers in panicled cymes. Calyx-lobes 5, relatively 

 broad. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip glabrous, shorter than the 

 upper one, the middle lobe recurved. Stamens 4: filaments short: anthers 

 glabrous. Staminodium clavate. Capsule exceeding the calyx. — Sum. — 



FiGWORT. 



Corolla dull without : staminodium-fllament deep-purple. 1. 8. mari/Iandioa. 



Corolla lustrous without : staminoidium-filament greenish-yellow. 2. 8. leporella. 



1. S. marylandica L. Stems 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf -blades 

 oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, serrate or crenate-serrate: corolla 

 6-8 mm. long : filaments mainly filiform : capsules 4-6 mm. long. — Common,, 

 in woods and on roadsides. 



2. S. leporella Bicknell. Stems 0.5-1.5 m. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- 

 blades ovate, ovate-hastate, or lanceolate, 5-20 mm. long, incised-serrate or 

 deeply-incised: corolla 8-10 mm. long: capsules 7-10 mm. long. — S. Kather 

 common, in woods and on roadsides. — Schists. 



