288 CARDUACEAE. 



8. E. sessilifolium L. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf -blades 

 lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long, creuate-serrate, connate-perfoliate: bracts of the 

 involucre obtuse, the inner 4.5-5 mm. long: corollas 3 mm. long: achenes 3-3.5 

 mm. long. — Common, in thickets and open woods. — Upland-boneset. 



9. E. perfoliatum L. Stems 3-12 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades 

 lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long, crenate-serrate, connate-perfoliate: inner bracts of 

 the involucres acuminate, 6-6.5 mm. long: corollas 4 mm. long: achenes 2 mm. 

 long, or mostly shorter. — Common, in meadows and thickets. — Boneset. 



10. E. trifoliatum L. Stems 8-21 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 

 often purple: leaf-blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 15-20 cm. long, ere- 

 nate: outer bracts of the involucre puberulent, the inner usually not ciliolate: 

 corollas about 5 mm. long: achenes 4-4.5 mm. long. — S. Frequent, in moist 

 thickets and woods. — Schists. 



11. E. purpureum L. Stems 9-34 dm. tall, sometimes sparingly pubescent: 

 leaf-blades narrowly oblong, ovate-lanceolate, oval, or ovate, 9-30 cm. long, 

 serrate: outer bracts of the involucre glabrous or nearly so, the inner ciliate: 

 corollas about 7 mm. long : achenes 5.5-6 mm. long. — Common, in moist soil 

 or meadows. — Joe-pye weed. 



4. CONOCLINIUM DC; Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades 

 toothed or j^arted. Heads in open or compact corymbs. Involucres campanu- 

 late or hemispheric. Corolla narowly funnelform: lobes deltoid to ovate. 

 Androecium mostly included: anther-appendages ovate, obtuse. Achene angled. 

 Pappus of a few capillary bristles. 



1. C. coelestinum (L.) DC. Stems 2-9 dm. tall, appressed-pubescent : leaf- 

 blades ovate to deltoid-ovate, or rarely triangular-lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, 

 crenate or serrate-crenate : inner bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, 2.5-3 

 mm. long: corollas barely 3 mm. long: achenes barely 1.5 mm. long. — M. S. 

 Common, in moist places and thickets. — Limestones, schists. — Sum. — Mist- 

 flower. 



5. MIKANIA Willd. Perennial vines. Leaves opposite: blades of a 

 hastate or deltoid type, mostly toothed. Heads in corymbs. Involucre cylin- 

 drie. Corolla with a campanulate throat: lobes lanceolate to triangular-ovate. 

 Androecium exserted: anther-appendages ovate. Achenes angled. Pappus of 

 many capillary bristles. 



1. M. scandens (L.) Willd. Plants finely pubescent or nearly glabrous: leaf- 

 blades deltoid-ovate to hastate, 5-8 cm. long, undulate or angulately lobed: 

 bracts of the involucre 5-5.5 mm. long, acuminate or abruptly pointed: corolla 

 about 4 mm. long : achenes 2-2.5 mm. long. — S. Occasional, in thickets and 

 swamps. — • Schists. — Sum. — • Climbing hemp- vine. 



6. LACINIABIA Hill. Perennial, typically simple herbs with thick root- 

 stocks. Leaves alternate, often numerous: blades narrow, entire. Heads in 

 spikes, racemes, panicles, or rarely in cymes. Involucres ovoid to cylindric 

 or turbinate. Corolla-throat narrow-funnelform, much longer than the slightly 

 narrower tube: lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages entire or notched. 

 Achenes short, ribbed. Pappus of many barbellulate or plumose bristles. — 



BUTTON-SNAKEROOT. BlAZING-STAR. 



Bracts of the involucre with broad appressed tips : involucre few-flowered. 



1. L. spicata. 

 Bracts of the involucre with narrow spreading tips : involucre 



many-flowered. 2. L. squarrosa. 



