CAEDUACEAE. 307 



3- B. connata MiiFil. Stem tall, sparingly branched, 3-14 dm. high, glabrous, 

 bright-green : leaf-blades undivided or some of the lower deeply parted, lanceo- 

 late to elliptic, acuminate, taperinuf to the petiole, coarsely and saliently 

 serrate: heads medium: outer bracts of the involucre 4-5, linear-spatulate, 

 rarely exceeding the disk, glabrous: rays rarely present, the ligules one-half 

 longer than the disk, the ovaries awnless, and hairy: disk-corollas campanulate 

 above, 5-lobed, orange: achenes 4-6 mm. long, rather narrow and thick, nearly 

 black, covered with yellowish warts; some or all marginal barbs erect; awns 

 4, slender, with erect or retrorse barbs. — N. M. Frequent, in swamps and 

 low grounds. — Sandstones and shales, limestones. — Fall. — Swamp beggar- 

 ticks. 



4. B. frondosa L. Stem slender, bushy-branched, nearly glabrous, 5-10 dm. 

 high or more: leaf -blades pinnately 3-divided or rarely 5-divided, the segments 

 lanceolate, serrate with sharp spreading teeth, acuminate: heads not large: 

 outer bracts of the involucre 6-8, subequal, spatulate, sparsely ciliate, usually 

 exceeding the disk: rays usually present, golden-yellow, the ligules equalling 

 the disk, the ovaries hairy and with 2 short retrorsely barbed awns: disk- 

 corollas orange, 5-lobed: stamens exserted: achenes black, 6 mm. long, 3.25 

 mm. wide, cuneate, flattish, sparsely hairy and often tuberculate, the barbs on 

 the margins erect, those on the 2 awns either erect or reflexed. — Common, in 

 waste places and fields. — Fall. 



5. B, cemua L. Stem low, pale-green, 2-7 dm. high, nearly glabrous, the 

 branches very short, decreasing down the stem: leaf -blades undivided, 6-16 

 cm. long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, more or less connate by the broad 

 bases, acuminate, serrate, with coarse distant teeth : heads very large, broader 

 than high, nodding in fruit : outer bracts of the involucre 7-8, unequal, exceed- 

 ing the disk and spreading: rays usually present, bright-yellow, the ligules 

 about one-half longer than the disk, the ovaries glabrous except the margin, 

 and awnless: disk-corollas orange, 5-lobed: achenes narrowly cuneate, slightly 

 dilated at the summit, 4-angled, the margins retrorsely barbed and tuberculate, 

 the awns 4, slender, retrorsely barbed. — Common, along streams and wet 

 soil. — Fall. 



6. B. laevis (L.) B.S.P. Stem glabrous, 5-10 mm. high, the branches all 

 toward the summit of the stem, slender, ascending: leaf -blades undivided, 7-13 

 cm. long, elliptic-lanceolate, serrate with small inconspicuous teeth, acute, con- 

 tracted toward the sessile base: heads medium, nearly globular, erect or 

 nodding in fruit : outer bracts of the involucre 7-8, rarely longer than the 

 disk : rays very large, the ligules 2-3 cm. long, golden-yellow, the ovaries as 

 in the last: disk-corollas orange, 5-lobed: achenes cuneate, neither dilated nor 

 contracted at the top, not tuberculate, the margins and 2-4 awns retrorsely 

 barbed. [B. chrysantliemoides Michx.] — M. Occasional, in moist soil. — ■ 

 Sanistones and shales, and limestones. — Sum. 



7. B. trlchosperma (Michx.) Britton. Stem tall and glabrous, much branched, 

 6-15 dm. high: leaf-blades pinnately divided, with 4-8 narrowly lanceolate, 

 serrate or incised, acute or acuminate segments: heads 4-6 cm. broad: outer 

 bracts of the involucre linear-spatulate. rarely ciliate. equalling the disk: rays 

 several, the ligules bright-yellow, 12-25 mm. long, the ovaries bidentulate at 

 the summit: disk-corollas deep-yellow, 5-lobed: stamens exserted: achenes 

 narrowly cuneate, slightly strigose-ciliate above; awns 2, about equalling the 

 breadth of the achene, erect-barbed. {Coreopsis trichosperma Michx.] — 

 Susquehanna valley. — Late sum. 



37. GALINSOGA R. & P. Annual, tender herbs. Leaves opposite: blades 

 toothed. Heads radiate. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric: bracts rela- 

 tively broad. Eay-flowers 4 or 5: corollas with a pubescent tube and broad 

 white ligule. Disk-corollas with a campanulate throat and a tube of about 



