64 FLORA OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 



of the Gymnosperins is the most glaringly inconsistent of all the defects 

 of the present so-called Natural System, and as the Goniferw are repre- 

 sented here by only four genera and seven species, it is evident that no 

 serious objection could arise on the ground of inconvenience, while at 

 the same time it may serve some useful purpose m directing the minds 

 of botanists who may look over the work to the ob^dous rationality of 

 this classitication, and contribute its mite toward awakening them to 

 the recognition of a truth which, I cannot doubt, must sooner or later 

 find expression in all accepted versions of the true order of Nature with 

 respect to the vegetable kingdom. 



XII. COMMON NAMES. 



I am well aware that in recent times it has become more and more 

 the practice among botanists to eschew all common or popular names 

 of plants. This sentiment I share to a great extent, and will therefore 

 remark at the outset that the best common name for a plant is always 

 its systematic name, and this should be made a substitute for other pop- 

 ular names wherever and whenever it can be done. In most cases the 

 names of the genera can be emi^loyed with entire convenience and 

 safety; and in many cases they are to be defended on the ground of 

 euphony. How much better, for example, the name Brunella sounds 

 than either Self-heal or Heal-all; both of which latter, so far as their 

 meaning goes, express an utter falsehood. Some works professing to 

 give common names frequently repeat the generic name as such. This 

 has seemed to me both unnecessary and calculated to mislead. It is 

 not done where other accepted common names exist, and thus the im- 

 plication is that in such cases it is incorrect to use the Latin name. 

 Again, it is only done for the commoner species, leaving it to be inferred 

 that there is no poi^ular way of designating the rarer ones. The plan 

 here followed is to regard the genus the best name to use in all cases 

 and as, ex officio, the proper common name of every plant, and there- 

 fore not in need of being repeated in different type as such in any case. 

 But in addition it has been deemed best to give such appropriate or 

 well-established common names as can be found. Some scientific men 

 seem disposed to forget that it is the things rather than the names that 

 constitute the objects of scientific study. There is a vast amount of 

 true scientific observation made by mere school-girls and rustics who do 

 not know the name of the branch of science they are pursuing. A 

 knowledge of a i^lant by whatever name or by no name at all is scien- 



