INTRODUCTION, 



XIV 



drained, cleared, and utilized; forests are being deprived of their 

 valuable timber, and uplands converted into farms. The wood- 

 lands at present consist mostly of the "wood-lot" reserved by the 

 farmer. 



From the standpoint of systematic botany, this district is unfor- 

 tunate in having so little territory which is not capable of cultiva- 

 tion. 



Some of the most interesting collecting grounds with their char- 

 acteristic floras are worthy of mention. In the "oak openings" in 

 and near the City, one is sure to discover the following plants: 



Androix)gon furcatus. 

 scoparius. 

 Anemone Hepatica. 

 Aster laevls. 



" macropbyllus. 

 Danthonia spicata. 

 Carex Pennsj^lvanica. 

 Ceanothus Americanus. 

 Comandra umbeUata. 

 Cornus candidissima. 

 Desmodium nudiflorum. 

 pauiculatum. 

 Galium boreale. 

 Hellanthus divaricatus. 

 Krigia ainple^Icaulis. 

 Lechea major. 



L.espedC7,a capitata. 



polystachya. 

 Lupinus perenni-. 

 Monarda li.-;tulosa. 

 Paiiicum uepauneriitum. 



dichotoraum. 

 Potentilla simplex. 

 Pteris aquilina. 

 Pyrola eUiptica. 

 Paibus Canadensis. 

 Sali:c humili.s. 

 Sas.-safras officinale. 

 Solidago nemoralls. 

 Viburum pubescens. 

 V'iria Americana. 

 \'iola pedata. 



The Saddumjac. Swamt Hkiuon. 



This swamp lies about five miles east of the City. It was drain- 

 ed and burned in 1895. Although the term Saddle-Bag Swamp is 

 applied in this work only to the immediate vicinity of the Twin 

 Lakes, the term Saddle-Bag Swamp region is used to cover about 

 1000 acres, and includes seven small lakes which the draining has 

 lowered: Bailey, Carmody, Frawley, Swamp, Twin Lakes, and 

 Webster. These lakes were formerly surrounded by open sphag- 

 nous bogs which gradually passed into sphagnous swamp, over- 

 grown with tamarack, black spruce, mountain holly, leather-leaf, 

 and huckleberry brush. Here were fouud the following species: 



