4 FAUNA AND FLORA OF PALESTINE. 



not suited for employment in the hilly and central districts of the country. 

 From the earliest records of man it was employed in Syria, and is still 

 the great source of the wealth of all the Bedawin east of Jordan. 



The Arabian Camel is the beast of burden of Egypt and all Southern 

 Asia, as far as India. It was only introduced into Barbary by the Moors. 

 In Central Africa it is universally employed for caravan traffic. 



FAMILY, ELAPHII. 

 Cervidae. 



8. Ccrviis capreolus. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 94. Roebuck. Heb. 11ttri.\ 

 ' Fallow-Deer,' A.V. Arab. _y.^., Yaclunnr. 



I have seen the Roebuck on the southern edge of Lebanon, and found 

 its teeth in bone caves. Captain Conder procured a specimen on Mount 

 Carmel, which proves its identity with the English species, and it is also 

 found further south, round Sheikh Iskander. 



Palestine is the most southern and eastern region where the Roebuck 

 still exists. It occurs through the whole of Europe. The North Asiatic 

 species is distinct. 



9. Ccrvns daina. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 93. Fallow-Deer. 



The Fallow-Deer, which is the Deer of Cilicia and Southern Armenia, 

 still exists very sparingly in the north of Palestine. A few are to be 

 found in the woods north-west of Tabor, and by the Litany river. 

 Hasselquist mentions it on Mount Tabor, and I met with it not many 

 miles north of the same place. 



The Fallow-Deer is still found wild in Sardinia, Spain, and Tunis, as 

 well as in Asia Minor. 



10. Cervns claphus. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 93. Red-Deer. 



11. CcrviLS tarandiis. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 93. Rein-Deer. 



12. Cervns alccs. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 93. Elk. 



The former existence of all these species contemporaneously with man 

 is proved by the existence of their teeth and bones along with flints in 

 the bone caverns of the Lebanon. 



