MAMMALIA. 21 



from those of the same species in Europe. It cannot here be considered 

 gregarious, though two may often be found together. Probably from the 

 abundance of food, it is rather larger and stronger than European speci- 

 mens. It lurks during the day among the rocks, and prowls at night 

 about the sheepcotes. But when disturbed during the day it is bold and 

 fearless. Its habits are often referred to in Scripture. It is found in 

 every part of the country. The range of the Wolf is through Europe and 

 Northern Asia. Palestine is probably its South-eastern limit. 



79. Canis aureus. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 59. Jackal. Heb. D:\S- SyiEJ'. 

 Arab. >^y<i, Wawi. 



The Jackal is most abundant in every part of the country. Round 

 towns, in villages, fields, or wilderness, its voice is nightly heard, as it 

 hunts in packs, wailing and howling. Ancient ruins are its special resort. 

 It is often mentioned in Scripture as Sliiial, always in our version trans- 

 lated ' Fox.' 



The Jackal is found in all the warmer regions of the Old World, from 

 the Mediterranean countries, through the whole of Africa and all Southern 

 and Central Asia. 



I 



80. Canis familiaris. L. Syst. Nat. i., p. 56. The Dog. Heb. 

 :iS5. Arab. .^, Kclb. I 



There is only one race of Dogs common in Palestine, the Pariah Dog, 

 very similar in size and appearance to our Colley, or Scotch Sheep-Dog. 

 Of these there are two classes — the Pariah Dogs of the town, which 

 support themselves by offal as best they may, and live in small commu- 

 nities ; and the same breed, belonging to private owners, generally to the 

 shepherds, and used for guarding the flocks. No Dog surpasses the 

 Pariah in instinct and intelligence, neglected and degraded though it be. 



Dogs are rarely used in Palestine for hunting, excepting the large 

 Persian Greyhound, with long silky hair on the ears, and a long fringe of 

 the same on its tail. It is highly prized by the Bedawin, and is trained 

 to chase the Gazelle. 



The Dog is found in every country of the world, hot or cold, where 

 man exists. 



