A r£S. 37 



Europe. In North Africa and Egypt it is also only a summer migrant, 

 wintering in Central Africa. Eastward it occurs as far as Persia. 



22. Ridicillaincsoleiua. Ehr. Sym. Phys. Aves, fol. ee. Ehrenberg's 

 Redstart. 



I have found this species in the same places and at the same time as 

 the closely allied Common Redstart. It is a summer migrant, and has 

 been procured on Mount Carmel, among the oaks of Bashan, and on 

 the plains of Moab. 



The limits of this species are very restricted, viz., Asia Minor, the 

 Caucasus, and Syria in summer ; Arabia and Abyssinia in winter. 



23. Riidcilla scinintfa. Ehr. Sym. Phys. Aves, fol. bb. Palestine 

 Redstart. 



This bird is extremely close to the Indian R. ritjivcntris, but differs in 

 its smaller size and black under-wing coverts. It resides in the Lebanon 

 and Hermon, and has been found nowhere else. In Lebanon, though not 

 uncommon, it has escaped the notice of all naturalists, excepting Ehrenberg. 

 Whether it migrates, beyond descending and ascending the mountain 

 ranges according to the season, is not yet ascertained. I found it sitting 

 on eggs as late as the 26th of June, under the cedars of Lebanon. 



So far as our present knowledge extends, this is one of the isolated 

 forms peculiar to Palestine, and separated from its closely allied relative 

 by the vast extent of continent between Syria and India. 



24. Ruticilla titys. Linn. Syst. Nat. i , p. 335, 34 /3. The Black 

 Redstart. 



The Black Redstart is, during winter, one of the most common and 

 conspicuous birds on the rocky hills of Palestine, especially near the sea 

 coast. It is partially migratory, ascending in spring to the spurs of 

 Lebanon and Hermon, very few remaining further south to breed. 



The Black Redstart inhabits Central and Southern Europe, North 

 Africa, the Caucasus, and Persia. 



25. Cyanecula suecica. Linn, Syst. Nat. i., p. 336. Red-spotted Blue- 

 Throat. 



This Blue-throat is widely distributed in winter throughout the marshy 

 plain, but in very small numbers, generally consorting with the pipits. 



