AVJ^S. 55 



82. Motacilhi flaiKi. Linn. Syst. Nat. i., p. 331. Blue-headed Yellow 

 Wagtail. 



Generally distributed in winter throughout the country, but not seen 

 at any other season. This may be looked on as the typical form of Yellow 

 Wagtail. 



It breeds in Central Europe and Asia, and is found all over Central 

 and Southern Europe ; the whole continent of Africa ; the whole of Asia, 

 north and south ; and Alaska. 



83. Rlotacilla cinereo-capilla. Savi. Nuov. Gior. d. Lett., p. 190. 

 Grey-headed Yellow Wagtail. 



This species or variety also occurs commonly, but only in winter. I 

 preserved several specimens in the winter of 18S1. 



This is a more northern form than the last, though trending eastward, 

 and goes as far south as Abyssinia and as far east as China. In fact, it 

 occupies the country enclosed by lines drawn from Finland to Abyssinia 

 and China, thus crossing at an angle of 45° the region of the previous 

 species. 



84. Motacilla melanocephala. Licht. Verz. Doubl., p. 36. Black- 

 headed Yellow Wagtail. 



The Black-headed is by far the scarcest of the three species in 

 Palestine, only occurring in winter in small numbers, but remaining later 

 than any of the others. It was only on my fourth visit to Palestine that 

 I ascertained this fact, which is accounted for by its breeding in Greece 

 and Asia Minor. 



The range of the Black-headed Yellow Wagtail is limited to Greece, 

 Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and North-east Africa. 



•i^. Anthus pratensis. (Linn. Syst. Nat. i., p. 2S7.) Meadow Pipit. 



The Meadow Pipit occurs in small numbers throughout the winter, and 

 a few pairs remain and breed in favourable localities. I found many 

 young birds in the upper plains of the Hasbany in 1881. 



The Meadow Pipit is a migrant in the North, and a resident in the 

 South of Europe. On the southern shores of the Mediterranean it is 

 scarce. Eastward it ranges to the Indian frontier, but only as a straggler. 



