ATES. 59 



This bird is found in summer throughout Europe, but is rare in the 

 west, and not found in Portugal, Southern and Western Spain, or Ireland. 

 Its North-eastern limit appears to be the Caucasus. It occurs all down 

 the east coast of Africa, and breeds in South Africa. 



95. Lanius miriculatus. INIull. Natursystem. Suppl., p. 71, Wood- 

 chat Shrike. 



The Woodchat is a summer resident in Palestine, returning at the end 

 of March, from which time it may be seen on every bush to an altitude 

 of 4,000 feet. Above that line its place is taken by the Red-backed 

 Shrike. 



It is a bird of comparatively restricted latitudinal range, though it is 

 found from Spain to Persia ; but it does not reach Northern Europe, nor 

 (so far as we know) proceed far south in Africa, Senegal in the west, and 

 Upper Egypt in the east, appearing to be its limits. 



96. Lanius nubicus. Licht. Verz. Doubl., p. 47. Masked Shrike. 



This beautiful little Shrike returns about 20th March, confining itself 

 to the bushes and scrub-covered hills and wadys of the north, where it 

 perches among the foliage, not on exposed twigs. The nest is very neat, 

 built after the fashion of the Chaffinch. 



The Masked Shrike is only found in Greece, very sparingly in Turkey 

 and Asia Minor, and in winter in Egypt and Nubia, and sometimes as 

 far as Abyssinia. 



FAMILY, MUSCICAPID.5:. 



97. Aluscicapa grisola. Linn. Syst. Nat. i., p. 328. Spotted Fly- 

 catcher. 



Our well-known Flycatcher arrives the last week in April, and is 

 spread at once over all the olive-yards, gardens, and stunted woods of the 

 country. 



The Spotted Flycatcher is a summer visitor to the whole of Europe 

 and Western Asia as far as Persia and Ladakh. In winter it has been 

 taken, though rarely, in North India. At that season it is spread over 

 the whole of Africa. 



8—2 



