Deposits containing Fossil Plants. 53 



Plants still living in the same district, mixed with a 

 few southern forms, those already determined being Acer 

 monspessulanum, Najas graminea, and Najas minor, and in 

 Germany Brascnia purpurea. 



No northern species. 



The associated mammals and mollusca suggest a climate 

 somewhat drier and sunnier than that now possessed by 

 the South of England. 



Late Glacial. 



Throughout Scotland and England as far south as 

 London and Devonshire. (Crianlarich, Hailes, Corstorphine, 

 Bridlington, Hoxne bed C, London, Bovey Tracey, &c.) 



Numerous Arctic plants, all of which, except Salix 

 polaris, are still to be found on the mountains of Scotland. 



Neolithic. 



Including 'submerged forests' and early peat mosses. 

 (Hailes upper bed, Redhall, Woolwich, Blashenwell, Barry 

 Docks, &c.) 



Flora Temperate. Cultivated plants and weeds of 

 cultivation occasionally appear. Extensive Oak forests. 

 Pine common in the South of England. This flora is 

 better known in Scandinavia than in Britain ; it has been 

 divided by Swedish and Danish botanists into several 

 stages characterised by different trees (see p. 92). 



Space will not allow me to give in full the evidence on 

 which the deposits are referred to different periods. Where 

 possible, the stratigraphical position has been studied; but 

 in certain cases where direct evidence of superposition is 

 not available I have dated the deposits according to the 

 affinities of the included fauna and flora. The animals 

 are, for this purpose, of more value than the plants, for 

 they change more rapidly ; plants, however, yield the best 



