O' 



Appendix. 



standing here, to defend the whole fortress, for these seem to 

 have been the only ways of approach. 



There were great quantities of thorny bushes growing over 

 the top, but among these were many ruins of little round houses, 

 with their walls of mud and broken stone laid up to a height of 

 four or five feet, where there was generally an attempt at orna- 

 mentation, the lop stones being arranged in patterns and figures. 

 What the roofs of these dwellings had been we could only 

 conjecture from the grass roofs of the inhabited villages around. 

 Turning toward the west end of the fortress, we found a curious 

 round tower, made of the same hewed stone as the principal 

 walls, but larger at the top than at the foundation. It was thirty 

 feet in diameter, and about twenty feet high. The walls of the 

 gateway, where remaining in place, were perpendicular, and at 

 the Ixise there was a rude human face carved in a stone of the 

 wall, on each side of the entrance, (the only signs of sculpture 

 we saw.) In digging about the base of this tower we found 

 quantities of broken human bones and bits of painted pottery, 

 and a foot and a half below, a pavement of stone slabs. Along 

 the edge of the fortress on this side were other walls, apparently 

 of large buildings, and in these were many openings, into which 

 human remains had been crowded, the bodies having been 

 doubled up so that the knees touched the breast ; and in this 

 wav five or six bodies had been crowded into a space where one 

 person would have been troubled to sit comfortably. The cotton 

 wrappings of the dead, and in some cases the hair and shrunken 

 flesh, still remained. 



Turning toward the east, and passing the place where the 

 two entrances opened upon the top of the fortress, we came to 

 the foot of a second great wall, like the first, from thirty to sixty 

 feet in height, and made like the first of large cut stone laid up 

 in regular layers. It covered about a third part of the space of 

 the main fortress, and had been filled in in the same way, level 

 to its top, with earth, forming a second fortress mounted on top 

 of the first. As we scrambled along the foot of this wall, we 

 found it had been used as a place of interment, and apparently 

 by a later race than the original builders, the large stones of the 

 wall having been pried out of place, and the bodies of the dead 



