48 



gosa) and willow {Balix nigra) frequentl}' T\itli a dense 

 undergrowth of cane {Arandlnaria tecta). In sandy 

 land swamps are more often "bay heads" with a prevail- 

 ing growth of white bay {Magnolia Virginiana) , red bay 

 [Persea pvhescens) and maple {Acer rHhruin.) ■ In 

 places these "bay heads' 'develop into "Sphagnum bogs," 

 where the ground is carpeted with peat moss {Sphagnum 

 ^p.). Each of these varieties of swamp has its own pe- 

 culiar association of plants. Of mesophyte associations 

 w6 have, 1st, the plants of the better drained creek 

 and river bottoms, and, 2nd, the moister and richer 

 northern slopes of the uplands. Such locations are usu- 

 ally heavily timbered mostly with hard woods, but 

 occasionally mixed with loblolly pine {Punts laeda) in 

 the lowlands, and with the short leaf pine {Pinus 

 echinata) in the uplands. These associations are rich 

 in the number of species and include most of the more 

 northern types. The plants from the Gulf region are 

 to be sought on the dryer, more sandy uplands, and in 

 the sandy bay heads and Sphagnum bogs. More or 

 less distinctly zerophytic associations occupy the greater 

 part of the upland area. Here we may distinguish. 

 1st, plants of the dry hardwood forests. These are usu- 

 ally found on the south slopes of the red clay hills; 

 2nd, plants of mixed woods, including long or short leaf 

 pines and hard woods. This type of forest is the pre- 

 vailing one over a large part of the entire region; 3rd, 

 plants of the long leaf pine {Piniis palusfris) forests. 

 These are confined to the extreme southern border and 

 to a strip along the hills bordering the Tallapoosa river. 

 A large number of southern species are found in this long 

 leaf pine association ; Ith, an extremely zerophytic asso- 

 ciation found on exposed granite outcrops. Occasionally 

 granite outcrops occur where they are somewhat moisted 



