WHITE] FLORA OF THE LOWER INTERMEDIATE DIVISIOlSr. 795 



comparativeh' so little, when we at once take into view the entire sec- 

 tion and the notable differences between the iiora above and that below, 

 as to strongly emphasize the rapidity of the specific floral changes 

 which it masks. As has previously been mentioned, the plants of bed 

 G of the Pottsville Gap section are probably referable to the Upper 

 Lykens division. Should plants be collected from several })eds between 

 coals Xo. 3 and No. 4 in the Lincoln-Lykens mining districts, it is not 

 improbable that some of the terxanes will show closer paleontologic 

 connections with one division or the other; but the plants in the inter- 

 val in the tvpe section, though few in number, indicate that within 

 certain limits of a relatively thin zone of the sections the boundary, if 

 drawn as between the Lower Lykens division and the Upper Lykens 

 division, will be largely arbitrary- through beds with a mixed flora. 

 The case in hand well illustrates the rapidly changing fades of the 

 floras of the Appalachian region during Pottsville time. 



FLORAS OF THE UPPER LYKENS DIVISION. 

 FLORA OF LYKENS COALS NOS. 3 AND 2. 



Fossil plants have been collected from the roof shales of Xos. 1, 2, 

 and 3 of the upper Lykens coals in the vicinity of Lincoln. It has 

 been impossible to make a collection from coal No. li, since the New 

 Lincoln collier}^ where it was formerly slightly worked, has for a 

 number of years been abandoned, the mineral from the other beds on 

 the property being brought to light at the Lincoln mine. Accordingly, 

 while it is not impossil)le that stray specimens from this bed may still 

 have been accessible in the rock dump, it is probable from the very 

 small extent of the workings that few, if any, were collected. At least 

 it has not been possible to recognize such, and the specimens, if pres- 

 ent, are presumably included in the column of the table devoted to the 

 stratigraphically undifferentiated material from coals 1 to 3, inclusive, 

 at the New Lincoln mine. 



Of the floras derived from the upper Lykens coals, by far the most 

 interesting are those associated with the neighboring coals, Nos. 2 and 3. 

 The proximity of these beds, which are separated b}' but 3 inches of 

 dirt at the New Lincoln mine and by strata probably nowhere far 

 exceeding 30 feet in the Lincoln workings, results generally in the 

 removal of both coals at once and the mingling of the roof shales of 

 No. 2 with the parting between Nos. 2 and 3. Separate collections 

 Aviu'e. however, obtained from both, that exclusively from the parting, 

 which may be regarded as the roof of No. 3, being procured at the 

 Lincoln mine, while specimens from the cover of coal No. 2 were 

 gathered at the North Brookside slope ^ in that bed and from the lower 



1 Atlas Southern Aqthracite Field, Pt. Ill, mine sheet xvii: Pt. IV B, columnar-section sheet x, sec- 

 tion 8; Pt. VI, cross-section sheet xix. section 2,'>. 



