818 FLOKAL ZONES OF THE POTTSVILLE FORMATION. 



The study of the higher floras of the formation. iiR-ludino- tliat of 

 the Dade coal above referred to in these quadrangles, shows the 

 higher .shales of the Lookout, up to, or nearly to, the base of the 

 Sewanee conglomerate, to ])e referable to the Mar'iojjterU jmtUvlUea 

 zone in its broad sense, and to the Quinnimont formation in the Poca- 

 hontas quadrangle. The fossils at the base of the Sewanee conglom 

 erate in Tennessee, and of the Kaleigh sandstone, about 100 feet in 

 thickness, in southern West Virginia, show a slight mingling of Sewa 

 nee zone species, the flora being comparable to that of beds E and F 

 of the Lower Intei-mediate division of the Pottsville (lap section. The 

 Sewanee-Sewell or Upper Lvkens flora appears immediately above 

 the great conglomerates which comprise the Raleigh sandstone in the 

 Pocahontas, Raleigh, and Kanawha Falls quadrangles in West Vir- 

 ginia, and which complete the Lookout sandstone in the Chattanooga, 

 Pikeville. McMinnville.' Kingston, and Sewanee quadrangles in Ten- 

 nessee and Ala])ama, The Lookout sandstone of Hayes seems, there- 

 fore, to essentially represent both the Lower Lykens division and the 

 Lower Intermediate division of the type section in Pennsylvania, 

 although I am slightly disposed to doubt the presence in the Lookout 

 of beds as old as the lowest at Pottsville. The Sewanee conglonierate 

 at the top of the Lookout formation of Tennessee and its contemporary, 

 the Raleigh sandstone in AVest Virginia, appear to stand in the same 

 relative position paleontologically to the Lower Lykens division as 

 does the Lower Intermediate division in the Southern Anthracite field, 

 and each similarly seems to till the time break between the ^[ariojitLfh 

 pottsvillea zone in its l)road (Quinnimont) sense and the Sewanee 

 (Sewell-Lykens coal No. 3) zone. 



FAYETTE SANDSTONE. 



The characteristic species so well marked in the lower portion of 

 the Sewanee zone become modified in the later portion, while at the 

 same time new forms are introduced, so that in the southern Appala- 

 chian region no sharp line will perhaps be drawn between the more 

 resti'icted zone of the flora and that of the Lykens coal No. 1 or })ed 

 L of the section at Pottsville, into which the species in the upper 

 portion of the Sewanee formation, about 400 feet thick in the 

 Kanawha Falls quadrangle, gradually merge. In this quadrangle 

 the horizon of coal No. 1 is certainly close beneath, if not actually 

 within, the Fayette formation, a group of massive sandstones and 

 shales which succeeds the Sewell formation in the vicinity of New 

 River, and completes the Pottsville, as the latter naturally would be 

 and has been defined on the lithologic basis. A flora possibly con- 

 temporaneous with that of Lykens coal No. 1 or bed L seems to be 



1 Geologic Atlas of the United States, folio '22. 



