114 



LOWER KOCENE FLORAS OF SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



which iuchidcs 2 oxistiuij; Soulli American 

 species, soiuotuucs made a suhgemis of Tetra- 

 ccra, has a fossil fomi in the early Tertiarj- of 

 Chile. The genus Dohocarpus, wliich com- 

 prises aliout 20 recent species, also in the South 

 American Tropics, has 2 fossil forms in the early 

 Tertiary of Chile. The genus DavLUa, wMch 

 embraces 25 modern species in tropical America, 

 is doubtfidl}' represented m the Wilcox flora 

 by Calycites daviUaformis Beriy. 



The genus Saurauja, which includes 60 

 modern species in South America and Asia, is 

 represented by a species in the Paleocene of 

 France, another in the Ypresian of the south 

 of England, and a third in the Miocene of 

 Croatia. 



The genus Actinidia, comprising oriental 

 shrubs, is represented by characteristic seeds 

 in the Pliocene of the Holland-Prussian border. 



The genus DUlenia, which comprises 25 

 existmg species that are confined to Asia and 

 Austraha, is represented by a form in the 

 Paleocene of Belgium and by some of the Wil- 

 cox species referred to the form genus Dillenites. 

 The genus Tetracera, which includes 40 recent 

 species found in all tropical lands, is repre- 

 sented by 2 fossQ species in the eai-ly Tertiary 

 of Chile, another in the Phocene of Java, and by 

 some of the species of Ddlenites in the Wilcox 

 flora. I have recognized 5 well-marked spe- 

 cies of Dillenites in the Wilcox, wliich appear 

 to represent modern forms of ]>oth DiUenia and 

 Tetracera. 



Conwentz described 3 species of Hibbertia, a 

 large Austrahan genus, in the Baltic amber 

 (Sannoisian), but Schenk considered that they 

 did not belong to this genus or even to the 

 family. 



The family Temstroemiacese (Theacese) con- 

 tains about 16 genera and 175 existing species, 

 mostly tropical, though they extend into the 

 North Temperate Zone in North America and 

 eastern Asia (Thea, Gordonia, and Stewartia). 

 The following 7 out of the 16 genera are con- 

 fined to a single area: Bennetia Martius, 

 wdiich includes 5 species, inhabits the South 

 American strand; Asteropeia Thouars is con- 

 fined to Madagascar; Thea Linne, which in- 

 cludes 16 species, is confined to southern and 

 eastern Asia.; Mountnorrisia Szyszlowicz, which 

 includes 2 species, is a native of the East Indies ; 

 the 3 monotypic genera Visnea Linn6, Treman- 

 thera Muller, and PeUiciera Triana and Plan- 



chon an; confined respectively to the Canary 

 Islands, New Guinea, and, Central ^Vmerica. 

 The remaming 9 genera, aU relatively small, 

 are all found in more than one region. Thus 

 Archytaea Martius includes 2 species in north- 

 ern South .America and a third in the East 

 Indies; Gordonia Elhott includes 2 North 

 American species and 14 scattered fi'om India 

 to Malaysia; llajmocharis Salisbury includes 9 

 American and 5 Asiatic species; Stewartia 

 Linn^, which includes 5 species, is found in 

 North jimerica and Japan ; Taonabo Aublet has 

 20 species in South ^Vmerica and 8 in Asia; 

 Adinandra Jack has 19 African species and 1 

 Asiatic ; Eurya Thunberg, which comprises 36 

 species and many varieties, is confined to 

 tropical America and the East Indies. 



This remarkable existing distribution and 

 the pairmg of America and Asia, as well as 

 the fact that 5 suljfamilies are required for 

 only 16 genera, are sure indications that the 

 family has an extended geologic history and 

 that many of the genera were once cosmo- 

 politan. Unfortimately most of tliis history 

 is imknown. 



The genus Stewartia is represented ux the Bal- 

 tic amber by a fine flower (Steinartia Tcnwalowskii 

 Caspary), by fruits in the Pliocene of Limburg, 

 and by leaf remauis from tlie Plio-Pleistoccne 

 of Japan (Mogi). Gordonia has a species in the 

 Pleistocene of Java. The genus Eurya Thun- 

 berg, now American and East Indian, is repre- 

 sented by a species in the Oligocene of France 

 (Freziera Swartz). Fossil wood described by 

 Felix and named Ternstroemiacinium occurs in 

 the Eocene of the Caucasus. Visnea Lirme, 

 now confined to the Canaries, uicludes a typical 

 fruit in the Aquitanian of Rhenish Prussia. 

 The genus Ternstrceraia Nuttall (antedated by 

 Taonabo Aublet) includes several fossil species, 

 the oldest of w-liich (Ternstroemiphyllum) 

 comes from tlie Perucer beds (Cenomanian) 

 of Bohemia. It is represented by 2 species in 

 the Ypresian of the Isle of Wight, one in the 

 Miocene of Bohemia, and another in the 

 Miocene of Croatia. I have described 4 well- 

 marlced species of Ternstroemites from the Wil- 

 cox group and similar forms are found in the 

 overlying Claiborne group (Lutetian). Finally 

 the very al^undant species in the North 

 American Cretaceous described as Celastro- 

 phyllum, already mentioned in the discussion 

 of the Celastraceie, are very probably, in part 



