132 



I.OWEI! KOC'KXK FLORAS OF SOUTIIKASTERN .\OKTH AMERICA. 



The genus Coussaroa Aublct, which includes 

 about 40 existing species in the Brazilian 

 region, has been identificnl by Engelhardt from 

 the early Tertiary of Chile. The genus Hoff- 

 mannia Swartz, wiiich includes about a score 

 of existing American herbs or shrubs, mostly 

 confined to Central America, is represented by 

 a fossil species in the early Tertiary of Cliile. 

 Likewise the genera Sabicea Aublet and Gouat- 

 teria Martins each have a smgle species in the 

 Tertiary of Chile, and Sabicea has also been 

 recorded from the Tertiary of Colombia. 



The Baltic amber (vSannoisian) has yielded 

 a flower referred to Sendclia and a leafy twig 

 referred to Enantioblastos. The genus Ga- 

 lium, which comprises more than 250 widely 

 distributed existing herbaceous forms, has 

 been doubtfully identified from the Eocene of 

 Greenland. Its fruits are also not uncommon in 

 Pleistocene deposits. The genus Randia Hous- 

 ton, wliich embraces about 100 existing species of 

 slirubs or trees in the Tropics, is identified by a 

 fruit in the Aquitanian of Rhenish Prussia. 



The genus Rufjiacites, so named by Webber 

 from its resemblance to the existing forms of 

 Rubia Linne, contains 3 species of leaves and 

 flowers in the Aquitanian of Prussia and Swit- 

 zerland. The genus Gardenia EUis, which con- 

 tains about 60 species, chiefly shrubs, but also a 

 few trees, of the Eastern Hemisphere, is rep- 

 resented by characteristic fruits in the Spar- 

 nacian of France, the Aquitanian of Germany 

 and England, the Miocene of Baden and Italy, 

 and the PUocene of Italy. The genus Poso- 

 queria Aublet, which includes 5 or 6 existing 

 South American shrubs or trees, is represented 

 according to Unger by both leaves and fruits 

 in the Miocene of Croatia and Engelhardt has 

 described a species from the Tertiary of Co- 

 lombia. The genus Ixora Linne, which com- 

 prises 100 existing species of slorubs and small 

 trees in the Tropics, is likewise recorded from 

 the Miocene of Ci'oatia, as is also Pavetta 

 Linne, a genus which includes about 70 existing 

 species of shrubs or small trees of the oriental 

 Tropics and which has furnished leaves, flowers, 

 and fruits from the celebrated plant and insect 

 beds of Radoboj, in CVoatia. 



The genus Coprosoma Forster, which includes 

 40 existing species in Australia, New Zealand, 

 and Oceanica, was recorded by Ettingshausen 

 from the Tertiary of Tasmania. The genus 

 Nauclea Linne, wliich includes 30 existing 



species of slu-ubs and trees in tropical Asia and 

 Oceanica, was identifled by Unger in the Euro- 

 pean Miocene, and petrified wood of this type 

 (Naucleoxjdon) was described by Crie from tlie 

 Phocene of Java. 



Deane has recorded a species of Psychotri- 

 jiliyUum from the Tertiary of New South Wales. 



The genus Morhula Linne includes about 40 

 existuig species m the Tropics, especially in 

 the Orient and the islands of the Pacific. A 

 fossil species has been recorded from the Oligo- 

 cene of Italy, and 5 additional species, based 

 on leaves, have Ijeen described from tlie Mio- 

 cene of Croatia. 



The genus Botlniospora Hooker fils, which 

 includes a suigle existing species in Guiana, 

 occurs in the Tertiary of Colombia acconling 

 to P]ngelhardt. The genus Endlichera Presl 

 (Emmeorrhiza Pohl), which includes a single 

 existing species that ranges from Colombia 

 to Sao Paulo, Brazil, has been identified by 

 Engelhardt from the Tertiary of Ecuador. 



A fruit from the Tertiary lignites of Bran- 

 don, Vt., has been described by Perkins as 

 Rubioides and another from the Aquitanian 

 of Rhenish Prussia by Menzel under the name 

 Rubiacefficarpum. Geyler has identilied the 

 Old World genus Grumilea Gartner in the 

 Tertiary of Borneo. Finally the genus Cin- 

 chonidium, ]n-oposed by Unger for fossil 

 fruits and leaves which were very similar to 

 those of the existing South American genus 

 Cmchona Lmne, is represented by a number of 

 species; 4 or 5 of them in the Eocene, including 

 the Fort Union of the western United States 

 and the Ypresiau of England: 5 in the late 

 Oligocene of southeastern Europe; and al)out 

 8 species in the Miocene, 1 from the Esmerahla 

 formation of Nevada and the others European. 



Th(i family is thus weU represented in fossil 

 floras throughout the Tertiary, ))ut the small 

 proportion of existing genera which have fossil 

 representatives and the incomi)leteness of 

 their record render untrustworthy any gener- 

 alizations that might be made. 



Under "Inoerta; sedis" (pp. 350-353) are 

 gi-ouped 14 species of the Wilcox flora, includ- 

 ing 2 forms referred to Calycites, 2 to Antho- 

 lithus, and 10 to Carpolithus. It would be 

 quite useless to attempt any ])otanic discussion 

 or comparison of these uncertahi forms, such 

 remarks as they suggest Ix-ing more suit al)lycon- 

 iined ti) the discussion of the individual species. 



