UETICALES. 



195 



its iip])cr limb. Tcrtiarios largely iniincrs'ii. 

 'I'ho typo specimen wiiich T have had tiie pleas- 

 ure of seeing in the XatioiiaJMuscMim coIliM-linn 

 is admirably (iepictcd by L(>s<|uereu.\.' The finer 

 venation comes out bettor in this sjM-cimen liian 

 in most examples of tlic species, sliowing mar- 

 ginixl festoons and intennil quadrangular or 

 polygonal reticulation. Texture coriaceous. 



These large leaves, at first described as gigan- 

 tic leaves of a Comptonia (Myrica), are obvi- 

 ously allied to the mod(>rn species of Artocar- 

 pus, especiidly to Aiioairiius incisa Forster. 

 This is rendered a certainty by the association 

 of fossil fruits characteristic of the breadfruit 

 with leaves of this t\^e, not only in the far 

 north (western Greenlantl) but also in Europe, 

 as weU as by petrified wood of iVi'tocarpus from 

 the Tertiary of i\jitigua. The existing species 

 number about two score oriental forms, rang- 

 ing from Ceylon throughout Indo-Malaysia to 

 Chma, and now represented by cultivated 

 forms m all tropical countries. The fossil rec- 

 ord extends back to the Upper Cretaceous, 

 Nathorst - having described a fine s])ecies, rep- 

 resented by both fruit and leaves, from beds 

 of this age in Greenland (latitude 70° north). 

 The same sagacious student of fossd plants 

 first pointed out the botanic affinity of our 

 American forms. The genus is represented by 

 Artocarpus? qucrcoidcs: Knowlton ' in the Fort 

 Union of the Yellowstone Park, by Arfocarpus 

 californica Knowlton ' from the Eocene and 

 Miocene of the Pacific coast (California and 

 Oregon), by a new species or variety in the 

 Alum Bluff formation of Florida, and by an- 

 other in the early Eocene of the Rocky Moun- 

 tam district. In Europe several species range 

 from the Upper Cretaceous to the Pliocene. 

 Their extinction in that continent is not sur- 

 prismg, as it has numerous parallels, but it is 

 rather remarkable that Artocarpus did not 

 survive in the American Tropics, for tlie mod- 

 ern forms become readily acclimatized. 



Occurrence. — Wilcox group, one-fourth mile 

 above Coushatta, Red River Parish, and Vine- 

 yard Bluff, Cross Bayou, Caddo Parish, La. 

 (collected by G. D. Harris). 



CoJJrrtions. — U. S. National Museum; New 

 York Botanical Garden. 



' Lesquereux, Leo, The Tertiary flora, pi. 04, fig. 1, 1878. 

 - Nathorst, A. G., Kgl. Svenska Votens.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 21, pp. l-IO, 

 pi. 1,1890. 

 3U. S. Geol. Survej' Mon. 32, p. 716, pi. 92, fig. 1, 1S99. 

 <Science, vol. 21, p. 24, 1892. 



AirrocARPUS puxgens (Lesquereux) HoUick. 



I'latcs X.W, lifjure I, XXVII, fif^urc 1, an.l XXIX, 

 figure I . 



Amlhi punqens. Lesquereux (not, Lesquereux, 1888), The 

 Cretaceous and Tertiarj- flora.s, p. Vl'i, pi. 19, figs. 3, 

 4, 1883. 



Arlomrpus pungens (Lescpiereux). IloUick, in Harris, 

 (5. D., and Veatfh, A. C, A preliminary report on 

 the geology of T-oui.siana, p. 280, i)l. 38, figs. 1, 2, 

 18!)!). 



I>( scription. — Leaves large, estimated to have 

 Ix'cii at l(>ast l!() centimeters in Icngtli bj' as 

 much in widtli from tip to tip of tlie lateral 

 lobes; pinnately lobate, tlie lower lobes ob- 

 liquely ascendin<i:, the upper directed upward. 

 Lobes long, linear, acute, separated by more 

 or less broad n)unded sinuses. Margins entire. 

 Te.xture coriaceous. Midrib stout and straight. 

 Lateral primaries stout, subopposite, branch- 

 ing from the midrib at angles of 45° below and 

 l(>ss above, one rumiing to tip of each lobe. 

 Secondaries distinct, one running directly to 

 each sinus and jommg the marginal hem that 

 is almost mvariably present. Tertiaries mostly 

 obsolete. 



The species differ from Artocarpus lessigiana 

 (Lescpiereux) Knowlton, with whicli it is often 

 confused by its more orbicular general form 

 and in the great elongation and narrowness of 

 the lobes, whicli are also more ascendmg and 

 are separated by more open sinuses. 



The present form was described from the 

 Denver formation of Colorado by Lesquereux 

 in 18S3 as a species of Aralia. It was subse- 

 quently referred to Artocarpus by Ivnowlton, 

 who united it with Artocarpus lessigiana, from 

 which, however, it is clearly distinct, as may be 

 readily seen by a comparison of my figm-es of 

 the two species. 



This form is rather common in the friable 

 sandy clays exposed about 1 mile northwest of 

 Benton, but it was impossible to obtain any but 

 fragmentary specimens, the most complete 

 being the one shown in Plate XXIX, figure 1, 

 reproduced from a careful sketch made at the 

 pit, since it was feared that the speciinen woidd 

 become broken during shipment, which sub- 

 sequently happened. It is also repres(>iited by 

 a nearly complete leaf from Coushatta, La., 

 contamed in the collections of the New York 

 Botanical Garden, which I am enabled to figure 

 through the courtesy of Dr. Artliur llollick, 

 as well as by considerable fragmentary material. 



