252 



LOWER EOCENE FLORAS OF SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



Fagjinv, oil the other liaiul, embraces a largo 

 iiuiiiber of existing species of slirubs and trees 

 (between 100 and I-IO), cosmopolitan in ti'op- 

 ical and subtropical countries. Fossil forms of 

 the type of Fagara cocenica are as a rule referred 

 to the genus Xantlioxylum, no well-established 

 fossil species of Fagara being knowni. More 

 than a score of ))ost-Cretaceous fossil forms have 

 been referred to Xantlioxylum, ])ut few of tliese 

 are from North .Vmerica, the majority occurring 

 in the European Oligocene. This species is re- 

 ferred to Fagara rather than to Xantlioxylum, 

 suice although the leaves are exactly alike in 

 the two genera (the absence of a calyx in 

 Xantlioxylum bemg practically the only diii'er- 

 ence l>etween the two), it seems very probable 

 that Xanthoxylum is derived from Fagara 

 through the loss of the floral calyx and by 

 adaptation to cooler and otherwise slightly dif- 

 ferent climatic requirements and was not differ- 

 entiated in Eocene times. The present species 

 resembles numerous existnig forms with crenate 

 margins. Except for its larger size it is very 

 close to Fagara fagara Small of our ])resent Gulf 

 coast. 



Occurrence. — Lagrange formation (in beds of 

 Wilcox age), Puryear, Henry County, Tenn. 

 (collected by E. W. Berry). 



Collection. — U. S. National Museum. 



Fagara htjrleyensis Berry, n. sp. 



Plate LIV, figure 9. 



Description . — Leaves pinnate. I^eaflets small, 

 elliptical and somewhat inequilateral in gen- 

 eral outline, widest in the upper half of the 

 leaflet. Ape.x and base rounded, the base ine- 

 quilateral. Length about 2.7 centimeters. 

 Maximum width, above the middle, about 8 

 millimeters. Margins entire. Texture coria- 

 ceous; the glandular ])unctate character of the 

 foliage is well shown in the type specimen. 

 Pet iolule short and broad, oblicpie, about 1 niil- 

 liuK^ter in IcMigth. Mich'ib stout and straight, 

 prominent on the lower surface of the leaflets. 

 Secondaries thin, inmiersed in the leaf sub- 

 stan(;e; about five pairs diverge from the mid- 

 rib at acute angles, ascending in long sweejjing 

 curves and becomuig camptodrouK! in the mar- 

 ginal region. Tertiaries obsolete. 



This well-marked species shows many simi- 

 larities to leaflets of the Mimosacea', CVsalpinia- 

 cca;, and PapilionacciB, l)Ut its obviously punc- 

 tate character rtMiders its reference to Fagara 



almost certain. It is entirely unlike the other 

 Wilco.x species ])ut may be matched among the 

 numerous existing tropical species. 



Occurrence. — Ackerman formation, Hurleys, 

 Benton County, Miss, (collected by E. N. 

 Lowe and E. W. Berry). 



Collection. — V. S. National Museum. 



Genus CITROPHYLLUM Berry. 



CiTROPHYLLr.M wiLcoXLVXUM Berry, n. s|). 

 rhUe LV, figure 3. 



Description. — Leaves small, ovate in outline, 

 the apex rounded or bluntly ])ointed and the 

 base rather narrowly cuneate. Length al)out 

 3.5 to 4 centimeters. Ma.ximum width ai)out 

 1.4 centimeters, halfway between the apex 

 and the base. Margm irregularly crenate. 

 Texture very coriaceous. Petiole stout, about 

 5 millimeters in length, with a lateral wing on 

 each side constricted at the top, where there 

 appears to be an abscission line. Midrib stout, 

 more or less curved and immersed in the thick 

 lamina. Secondaries thin, five alternate to 

 opposite pairs, In-anching from the midrib at 

 angles of about 45°, curving upward, campto- 

 drome, immersed in the leaf substance. Ter- 

 tiaries obsolete. 



This species is clearly different from the 

 earlier Cretaceous CitropliyTlum aligervm (Les- 

 (piereux) Berry and from the later Claiborne 

 species Citrophyllum eocenicurn Berry. It ap- 

 proaches very close, however, to some of the 

 modern forms of Citrus and its allies. 



Occurrence. — Lagrange formation (in l)eds of 

 Wilcox age), Puryear, Henry County, Tenn. 

 (collected by E. W. Berry). 



Collection. — U S. National Museum. 



Family SEMAKUBACEa;. 



Genus SrMARUBA Aublet. 



SiMARUBA EOCENiCA Berry, n. sp. 



Plate LIV, figure 7. 



Descrijition. — Leaves ]iinnate, long petioled, 

 leaflets opposite to alternate, sessile. Leaflets 

 slightly inequilateral, ol)long-ol)ovate in out- 

 line, rounded or slightly emarginate at the 

 apex and cuneate at the base. Length a])out 

 4 to 4.5 centimeters. Maximum width, at or 

 above the middle, about 1.7 c(>ntinietcrs. 

 Margins entire, ev(^nly curved. Textiu'e cori- 

 aceous. P(>tiolule stout, reduced to not more 



