42 ERICACEAE 



following note from J. P. Tracy: ''This manzanita lacks even the power of sprouting from live 

 branches when the green foliage is lopped off. I have never seen new sprouts arise anywhere from 

 branches or branchlots that have developed the red bark." 



On fire bums seedlings of Arctostaphylos manzanita appear in large numbers. They produce 

 fruit at an early age, often in ten or twelve years. All this gives evidence that this species is a 

 true fire-tj-pe shrub. It is furthermore believed that the seeds hibernate in the soil during a pro- 

 longed fire interval and have the capacity to respond to heat shock after a long period of years. 

 Except on the margins of its distribution it is an aggressive species. In the Napa Eange it over- 

 runs abandoned vineyards and neglected man-cleared pastures in the hills, often forming dense 

 pure stands S to 13 feet high, the crown surface of the area as seen from a little distance looking 

 almost as close and smooth as a meadow. Such colonies form a nurse bed for seedlings of Arbutus 

 menziesii and more particularly Quercus kelloggii and Pseudotsuga taxif olia, which species finally 

 overtop and sometimes suppress the manzanita. 



Arctostaphylos manzanita is closely allied to A. stanfordiana but there are various points of 

 difference to be observed. The leaves in Arctostaphylos stanfordiana are very erect and bright 

 shining green ; in A. manzanita they are less erect, dull green and sometimes a little grayish in hue. 

 In both these species the panicles with their embryonic flower buds are produced at the be- 

 ginning of the dry season in early June or July and are thus made ready long in advance for the 

 flowering in midwinter, but there are certain points of difference: during the fall period the 

 panicles in A. manzanita are drooping ; in A. stanfordiana they are erect or nearly so. 'The period 

 of anthesis in A. manzanita begins earlier than in A. stanfordiana in the same locality and closes 

 earlier, though overlapping. Arctostaphylos manzanita is a large shrub or small tree with some- 

 what loose or spreading branches. Arctostaphylos stanfordiana is a smaller shrub with a trim 

 habit due to its closely erect branches. 



Locs. — North Coast Ranges: Gates Caiion, Vaca Mts., Jepson 14,706; Howell Mt., Napa 

 Range, Jepson 14,711 ; Mt. St. Helena, Jepson 7669 ; Wilbur Sprs., sw. Colusa Co., Jepson ; Hough 

 Sprs., ne. Lake Co., Jepson 9005; Mayacamas Mts., betw. Blue Lakes and XJkiah, Jepson 14,713; 

 Mendocino Range (Gould's ranch, sw. of XJkiah), Jepson 7631 ; Long Valley, cent. Mendocino Co., 

 Jepson 9424; Piercy, South Fork Eel River, nw. Mendocino Co., Jepson; Blue Rock Ridge, betw. 

 Cummings and Bell Sprs., Tracy 15,270 ; betw. Three Creeks and Willow Creek, n. Humboldt Co., 

 Tracy 6043 ; Ely, sw. Tehama Co., Jepson 16,332 ; Redding, Blanl-inship. Sierra Nevada foothills: 

 Columbia, Tuolumne Co., Jepson 6397 ; Bear Mts., s. of Harmon Peak, Calaveras Co., Jepson 

 10,202 ; Gwin Mine, Calaveras Co., Jepson 1796 ; Buena Vista, Amador Co., Jepson 9959 ; Shingle 

 Sprs., Eldorado Co., F. B. Herbert: Big Chico Creek, Butte Co., Heller 11,152; Los Molinos, Te- 

 hama Co., H. P. Eelley ; Payne Creek sta. (above), e. Tehama Co., Jepson 12,260; Old Cow Creek, 

 near Whitmore, Shasta Co., Jepson. 



Refs. — Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2:491 (1887), type loc. '^owe^ 

 foothills of the Coast Range north of San Francisco," Parry, that is, Napa Range near Calistoga, 

 as per Parry's collection label; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 371 (1901), ed. 2, 313 (1911), Man. 747, 

 fig. 729 (1925). TJva-ursi manzanita Abrams, N. Am. Fl. 29:96 (1914). A. manzanita var. api- 

 culata Jepson, Madrono, 1:83 (1922), type loc. Weldon Caiion (head of), Vaca Mts., Jepson 

 7198 ; berry with a conical apiculation. 



12. A. parryana Lemmon. Pardners Manzanita. Shrub, 3 to 5 feet high; 

 branchlets and rachis whitish-puberulent, non-glandular ; leaf -blades broadly ellip- 

 tic to ovate, mostly obtuse, thickish, glabrous or nearly so, minutely purple-veined, 

 34 to lYs inches long; pedicels glabrous ; corolla white, (2i/2 or) 3 to 4 lines long; 

 ovary glabrous; berry glabrous or nearly so, the stone solid, obscurely about 6- 

 ridged or -angled. 



Dry montane slopes and caiion floors, 4000 to 6000 feet : Tehaehapi Mts. and 

 Mt. Pinos region ; south to the San Gabriel Mts. ]\ray. 



Locs. — Tehaehapi Mts. ; San Emigdio Caiion, Davy 2029 ; Mt. Pinos, J. Grinnell ; Mt. Gleason, 

 Peirson 429; San Antonio Caiion, San Gabriel Mts. ; Mt. San Antonio (Dav.& Mox.,Fl.S.Cal.272). 



Refs. — Arctostaphylos parryana Lemmon; Greene, Pitt. 2:68 (1890), type loc. Keene sta. 

 (4 mi. w. of), Tehaehapi Mts., Lemmon (cf. Madrono 1:89); Jepson, Man. 750 (1925). Uva- 

 nrsi parryana Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:432 (1910). 



13. A. mewukka C. H. Merriam. Apple-berrt. Shrub 3 to 6 feet high ; 

 branchlets glabrous, tlie peduncles and raehises glabrous or minutely puberulent; 

 foliage liglit-green ; leaf-blades elliptic-oblong, or -obovate, varying to oblong- 

 lanceolate and somewhat willow-like, mostly acute, glabrous and glaucous, 1 to 1% 

 or 21/2 inches long ; pedicels glabrous ; panicles loose, erect or only half-drooping ; 

 ovary depressed, roughened but glabrous ; or sometimes sparsely hairy, not glan- 



