MORNING-GLORY FAMILY 125 



13. C. arvensis L. Orchard Morning-glory. Field Bindweed. Stems pros- 

 trate, 1 to 3 or many feet long, f i-om perennial roots which descend to great depth ; 

 herbage minutely villous-pubescent or almost glabrous; leaf -blades elliptic to ob- 

 long-sagittate, very obtuse or even retuse, less commonly acutish, ^^ to 1 (or some- 

 times 2j inches long, on petioles half as long or the upper blades short-petiolate; 

 peduncles 1 to 2 inches long, commonly 1 (sometimes 2 or 3) -flowered, with a pair 

 of subulate or narrowly spatulate bracts (1 to 2 lines long) near the middle; calj'x 

 cupulate; sepals oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, hyaline-margined, somewhat gib- 

 bous; corolla white, purplish outside, open-funnelform and neither lobed nor an- 

 gled, (8 or) 9 to 10 lines long. 



Naturalized weed, native of Europe, in fields, roadsides and waste places, 10 to 

 5000 feet : common throughout cismontane California, especially towards the in- 

 terior, rare in trausmontane territory. A difficult weed to eradicate, the most 

 troublesome orchard and garden pest yet naturalized in California. In alluvial 

 valley soils its roots go down 18 feet or more. May-Oct. 



Locs. — San Mateo River, San Diego Co., Wiggins 3008; San Bernardino, Parish in 1890; 

 Los Angeles, Davidson in 1895; Santa Cruz Isl. (Bull. Cal. Acad. 2:408) ; Bakersfleld, Davy 1776 

 in 1896; Stockton, Fitch 149 in 1888; Berkeley, Jepso7i 14,500 in 1897; Mt. Eden, K. Brandegee 

 in 1905 ; Howell Mt. foothills, Jepsnn 14,502 in 1893 ; Suisun Marshes, Jepson 14,501 in 1892 ; 

 Vacaville, Jepson in 188(3; Boca, Nevada Co., Sonne in 1888; Mt. Shasta, Geo. B. Grant 5219 in 

 1902; Fort Bidwell, Modoc Co., Manning 44 in 1903; between Bluff Creek and Orleans Bar, 

 Klamath Kiver, Chandler 1463 in 1901 ; Martins Ranch, mouth South Fork Trinity River, Jepson 

 in 1902. 



Refs. — Convolvulus arvensis L., Sp. PI. 153 (1753), type European; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. 

 Cal. 388 (1901), ed. 2, 326 (1911), Man. 779, fig. 765 (1925) ; Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 19*:23 

 (1920). 



14. C. simulans L. IM. Perry. Mesa Morning-glory. Diffusely branching an- 

 nual, the branches 6 to 18 inches long; herbage minutely puberulent to hairy; leaf- 

 blades linear- or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse at apex, narrowed below to a short 

 petiole, % to II/2 (or S^^) inches long; peduncles .shorter than the leaves, l^ to % 

 inch long, 1-fiowered, with a pair of small spatulate or subulate bracts 1 to 2 lines 

 below the flower, retrocurved in fruit; sepals of two kinds, the two outer lance- 

 olate, greenish, hairy, the inner ovate with scarious margin; corolla purplish, 3 lines 

 long, deeply 5-cleft. 



Valleys, grassy mesas and coastal hills, 10 to 1000 feet : lower San Joaquin Val- 

 ley and the South Coast Ranges to coastal Southern California. South to northern 

 Lower California. The quite even distribution, as shown by regular collections at 

 intervals and in rather unpopulated areas, would argue for this plant being native 

 rather than an introduced element as formerly considered. Apr.-May. 



Locs. — Antioch, K. Brandegee ; lower San Joaquin River, San Joaquin Co., Bioletti: Estrella, 

 San Luis Obispo Co., Jared ; Cholame, San Luis Obispo Co., Lemmon; San Pedro, Davidson 2964 ; 

 Sweetwater, San Diego Co., Cleveland ; San Diego, Orcutt. L. Cal.: Las Palnias, T. Brandegee. 



Refs. — Convolvulus simulans L. M. Perry, Rhod. 33:76 (1931), type from L. Cal., Pringle. 

 Breweria minima Gia.y,PToc. Am. Aca^.n -.228 (1882) ; but not C. minimus Aubl. (1775). C.pen- 

 tapeialoides Jepson, PI. W. Mid. Cal. 388 (1901), ed. 2, 326 (1911), Man. 779 (1925) ; Parish, 

 Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 19^:23 (1920) ; not L. 



3. IPOMOEA L. Morning-glory 

 Ours twining or trailing annuals similar to Convolvulus. Calyx not subtended 

 by bracts but the outer sepals commonly larger. Flowers in ours blue or rose in 

 part. Style entire; stigma capitate. — ^Species 300, warm regions, all continents. 

 (Greek ip, bindweed, says Linnaeus, and omoios, similar.) 



Sepals attenuate and caudate, abruptly narrowed upwards to a linear, spreading "tail" in fruit 



leaves commonly divided into three nearly equal lobes 1. /. hederacea 



Sepals ovate or lanceolate, simply acute, uniformly enlarged in fruit; leaves usually undivided 



2. jf. purpurea. 



1. I. hederacea Jacq. Ivy Morning-glory. Herbage pubescent to hirsute 

 leaf-blades 1 to 3 inches broad, divided into 3 ovate-acuminate lobes; flowers usually 



