POLEMONIACEAE 131 



calyx var. apodanthera Yuneker, Mem. Torr. Club 18:159 (1932). C. calif ornica var. papillosa 

 Yimcker, Univ. 111. Biol. Monog. 6:152 (1921), type loc. San Bernardino Valley, Parish 5524. 

 Var. BRACHYCALYX Yuncker, Univ. lU. Biol. Monog. 6:152 (1921), type loc. Hanford, Kearney 

 52; Jepson, Man. 781 (1925). C. brachycalyx Yuncker, Mem. Torr. Club 18:159 (1932). C. jep- 

 sonii Yuncker, Univ. 111. Biol. Monog. 6:149 (1921), type loc. Big Horse Mt., n. Lake Co., Jepson 

 5c (on Ceanothus diversifoUus) ; flowers papillate, calyx very short, coroUa-lobes triangular. 



CuscuTA APPEOXIMATA Bab. var. ITRCEOLATA Yuncker, Mem. Torr. Club 18:297 (1932), type 

 loc. Sierra Nevada, Spain, Kunze 263. Stems very fine, golden, thread-like; flowers small, 1 to 2 

 lines long, in rather dense heads; style and stigma exceeding the ovary in length. — Old World 

 species, a pest in alfalfa fields of Nevada and Oregon, casual in California (Yreka, Butler 536). 

 Distinguished from our native species by a linear-elongated, rather than capitate, stigma. 



CuscuTA EDROPAEA L., Sp. PI. 124 (1753), type European. Stigma linear-elongated as in the 

 preceding, but style and stigma not exceeding the length of the ovary; flowers 1 to l^^ lines long, 

 in a compact cluster. — ^European species, casual in California (Clear Lake, Bolander 2673 in part). 



POLEMONIACEAE. Gilia Family' 



Ours herbs, or a few species somewhat woody at base. Leaves alternate or oppo- 

 site, commouly lobed or divided or piunately compound, or often simple and entire. 

 Flowers complete, 5-merous, either solitary, in loose clusters, or capitate, racemose, 

 corymbose or paniculate. Calyx synsepalous, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, persistent, regu- 

 lar or irregular. Corolla sympetalous, regular, its lobes convolute in the bud. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on corolla, alternate with its lobes, often unequal in length. 

 Ovary superior, 3-celled; stj'le 3-cleft or with 3 stigmas. Capsule loculicidally 

 3-valved. — Most species of Langloisia and some species of Hugelia have an irregular 

 corolla. In Navarretia some species have a 1-celled capsule, a 4-valved capsule or 

 an indehiscent one, or a 4-merous corolla; many Navarretia species have a 2-cleft 

 style, N. tagetina has a 4-cleft style and N. leucocephala an entire one. The pollen 

 is either blue or golden. The seed-coats sometimes emit spiricles or become muci- 

 laginous when wetted. — Genera 13, species about 250, mostly in North America, a 

 few in South America, Europe and Asia. 



The family Polemoniaceae finds its center of distribution in western North America. The 

 group seems monophyletic and has developed many marked phases which have furnished a basis 

 for genera. Such phases are, however, nearly always complicated by outlying forms which present 

 the characteristics of two or more genera. Intermediates of this kind are often more stable than 

 species of genera to which they are related. Decisions as to genera are, therefore, peculiarly diffi- 

 cult, on account of the overlapping of morphological characters. Many species, weighted this way 

 or that by various authors, have t^een frequently transferred from one genus to another. Trans- 

 ference of uncertainly related species has involved the genera Phlox, Collomia, Loeselia, Gilia, 

 Navarretia and Linanthus — to name only the more important ones and waiving segregate genera 

 that have been more recently named or revived. All genera of Polemoniaceae have at one time or 

 another been subjected to transference of species and on account of this fact there would be a 

 certain logic in assembling all these genera, the ones listed in this flora save Polemonium, under 

 one generic name. Such a step, however, would involve not merely the depreciation of various 

 groups which carry on the whole significant morphological characters but also tend to obscure the 

 striking ecological characteristics which emphasize certain generic trends. If, on the other hand, 

 every morphologic phase be recognized by a generic name and one thus avoid all overlapping of 

 characters — in this way dispose completely of intermediate forms — the multiplication of genera 

 would be carried very far. In consequence it has here seemed better, on the combined basis of 

 morphology, ecology and geography, to adopt a moderate course and limit somewhat the number 

 of genera. Intermediate genera are freely admitted, not as a vexation, but as lending to the 



^ The manuscript of the families Polemoniaceae, Ilydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceae and Labia- 

 tae was prepared in the years 1910 to 1915 and further revised in later years in the light of 

 subsequent collections and the published literature. During the years 1938 to 1940 two able assist- 

 ants aided in the work : Virginia L. Bailey and Robert F. Hoover. Their names appear frequently 

 in the text in connection with special contributions. The manuscript of the families Lennoaceae 

 to Labiatae has been proof-read by Frank W. Peirson who has also contributed data regarding 

 the altitudinal range of many high-montane species, especially in the southern Sierra Nevada 

 where he has done distinguished field work. The manuscript of the families Lennoaceae to Con- 

 volvulaceae was also proof-read by Joseph P. Tracy, especially in relation to the flora of Humboldt 

 County, where he has carried on, over a period spanning some forty years and more, highly useful 

 studies on the indigenous seed plants. — W. L. J., December 14, 1940. 



