GILIA FAMILY 133 



B. Corolla 2-lipped, or the 5 equal lobes somewliat obscurely disposed In 

 2-llpped fashion to subregular. 



Leaves margined with long bristles; corolla strongly bilabiate to regular, its tube rather short 



(3 to 5 or 6 lines) ; corolla-lobes entire; low annuals; mostly transmontane deserts 



11. Lanoloisia. 



Leaves not bristly; corolla in ours subregular, its tube very long (9 to 13 lines) ; corolla-lobes in 

 ours 3-toothed; perennials; Colorado Desert 12. Loeselia. 



1. POLEMONIUM L. Jacob's Ladder 



Herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnate, the leaflets sessile; petioles of basal leaves 

 with broad scarious bases. Flowers showy, blue, pink or white, in racemes, ejTnes 

 or panicles. Calyx herbaceous throughout, not scarious below the sinuses, more or 

 less accrescent and loosely investing the capsule. Corolla from tubular-f unnelf orm 

 to nearly rotate. Filaments equally inserted, more or less declined and hairy at 

 base. Seeds few or several in each cell, becoming mucilaginous when moistened. — 

 Species about 14, North and South America, Europe, Asia. (Greek name used by 

 Dioseorides, from polemos, war, the application not obvious.) 



Flowers solitary, opposite the leaves; corolla equaling or shorter than the calyx; calyx-lobes 



spreading; annual 1. P. micranthum. 



Flowers in racemes, panicles or heads ; corolla longer than the calyx ; caljrx-lobes erect ; perennials. 

 Flowers in a raceme or panicle; corolla-lobes equaling or longer than the tube; leaflets entire. 

 Corolla blue, 4 to TY2 lines long; high montane. 



Stems short, several from a simple or branched root-croivn. 



Leaf -lobes oblong or elliptic, thin, discrete, 4 to 8 lines long; style exceeding 



corolla ; meadows, stream margins, Sierra Nevada and Siskiyou Co 



2. P. pulcherrimum. 



Leaf -lobes ovate or oblong-ovate to suborbicular, thick, crowded, 1 to 2% (or 



3) lines long; style shorter than corolla, rarely exceeding it a little; 



rocky peaks and ledges, n. Sierra Nevada and Trinity Co 



3. P. parvifolium. 

 Stems tall, mostly solitary from a horizontal rootstock; style exceeding corolla; San 



Bernardino Mts. and Sierra Nevada 4. P. occidentale. 



Corolla pink, 7 to 12 lines long ; style shorter than the corolla ; along coast.. 5. P. carneum. 



Flowers in capitate-congested heads ; corolla-lobes shorter than the tube ; leaflets palmately 



cleft or divided; high montane 6. P. confertum. 



1. P. micranthum Benth. (Fig. 366.) Stems 1 to many from the base, com- 

 monly branched, erect or ascending, 4 to 8 inches high; herbage viscid-puberulent 

 to glabrous; leaves about 1 to 2 inches long ; leaflets 5 to 15, elliptic to linear or lan- 

 ceolate, 1 to 2 lines long ; flowers solitary, opposite the leaves, the inflorescence thus 

 a loose false raceme; pedicels slender, 1 to 3 lines long ; calyx 2 to 3 lines long, nearly 

 twice as large in fruit and becoming chartaceous, the lobes tending to spread ; corolla 

 white, subrotate, shorter than or not exceeding the calyx ; style very short; cells of 

 the ovary 2 or 3-ovuled. 



Dry open ground, 2000 to 4500 (or 6800) feet : mountains on northwest side of 

 the Mohave Desert ; east and north sides of the northern Sierra Nevada from Sierra 

 Co. to Siskiyou Co. East to Utah and Idaho, north to Washington. Mar.-Apr. 



Geog. note. — A considerable number of species of various families from the northern part 

 of the Great Basin enter northeastern transmontane California and also recur in ranges or areas 

 bordering the western Mohave Desert, but are largely or completely absent from the intervening 

 region, tliat is the Sierra Nevada and its east side. Polemonium micranthum is one of these. 

 It is found in the Teliachapi Mts. (Girard sta., K. Brandegee) and Mt. Piiios region (Camp Ozena, 

 Cuyama Valley, Hoffmann), and at the following localities in Sierra, Modoc and Siskiyou Cos.: 

 Sierra Valley, Lemmon; Alturas, B. C. Goldsmith; Mill Creek Mdws., Vitamer Mts., Cronemiller 

 20; Goose Lake Valley, Modoc Co., E. AI. Austin; Little Shasta, Hooper; Yreka, Butler 557. 



Eefs. — Polemonium micranthum Benth.; DC, Prodr. 9:318 (184.5), type from the Colum- 

 bia River, Douglas; Jepson, Man. 782 (1925). Polemoniella micrantha Hcl., Muhl. 1:57 (1904). 



2. P. pulcherrimum Hook. (Fig. 367.) Stems few to many, erect or ascend- 

 ing, 5 to 10 inches high, these and the chiefly basal leaves arising from the crown 



