240 HTDROPHTLLACEAE 



6. PHACELIA Juss. 



Perennial or annual herbs of mai-ked aspect, with alternate leaves (or sometimes 

 the lower opposite). Flowers blue, violet or white, usualh' in seorpioid racemes, 

 the racemes often spike-like. Calyx of 5 nearly distinct lobes, commonly accrescent. 

 Corolla funnelform, tubular, campanulate or nearly rotate, promptly deciduous 

 (in nearly all species), the tube commonly with 10 internal lamellate projections 

 or scales. Stamens equal or unequal, but equally inserted on or near the base of 

 the corolla, rarely high on tube when the tube is short. Stj'le 2-cleft at apex or 

 half-way, rarely %. Cap.sule 1-celled, or nearly or quite 2-celled by the approxi- 

 mation or union of the placentae in the axis, 2-valved, the thin septa-like placentae 

 adherent to the valves. Seeds reticulate-pitted or favose or transversely corru- 

 gated. — Species about 120, North and South America. (Greek phakelos, a cluster, 

 many species with crowded flowers. ) 



Bibliog.— Willis, J. C, Fertilization of Phacelia (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30:5.3-60, pi. 3, figs. 

 3-13, — 1895). Parish, S. B., Southern California forms of Phacelia eircinata Jacq. (Zoe 5:9- 

 11,-1900). Greene, E. L., Some Phacelia segregates (Pitt. 5:17-23,-1902). Dundas, F. W., 

 Eevision of the Phacelia calif ornica group for North America (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 33:152-168, — 

 1935). Voss, J. W., Revisional study of the Phacelia hispida group (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 33: 

 169-178, — 1935); A revision of thePhacelia crenulata group for N. Am. (Bull. Torr. Club 

 64:81-96, 133-144,-1937). 



Variation in Phacelia. — Notwithstanding the great inconstancy in this group, the species are 

 fairly well differentiated by recognizable marks. They are not hopelessly obscured by fluctuating 

 variability. There is much variation in habit, but in some species, as Phacelia parishii, habit is 

 distinctive. Leafage is often extraordinarily inconstant but in most species fluctuation is confined 

 within the limits of a leaf-type peculiar to the species. The inflorescence is less dependable but 

 the arrangement of the racemes, the length and position of the pedicels, or the position of the fruit- 

 ing calyces often furnish distinctive characters. The size of the corolla often fluctuates markedly 

 in a single collection, but its structure may give a character for the species, while inclusion or 

 extrusion of the stamens is a useful point. The scales, as to form and attachment, may be peculiar 

 to a species or to a group of species. The surface sculpturings of seeds yield dependable marks 

 for differentiation. 



It is not to be considered that the species of this genus as described are of equal value, but 

 only approximately. To a noticeable degree species in the groups occur in pairs, in what may 

 be called major and minor strains. Such pairs are represented by Phacelia malvaefolia and 

 P. rattanii, Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida and P. cryptantha, Phacelia tanacetifolia and P. dis- 

 tans. In other cases the strains of the pair may be so shadowy that only one name has been applied 

 to the whole. All the species here described may pass as primary species or as primary groups, 

 save only that one described as Phacelia magellanica which repre.sents an extensively large com- 

 plex, both morphologically, geographically and ecologically. 



A. Seeds commonly reticulate or f avosely pitted, not transversely corrugated. 



I. Corolla scales present, adnate to the corolla-tube or 

 COMMONLY so. — Subgenus Edphacelia. 



1. Perennials. 



a. Ovules 2 to each placenta; corolla commonly white. 



Flowers many to numerous in the raceme; leaves entire or simply pinnately parted or divided and 

 the lobes entire; for the most part coarse plants with stout stems 1 to 3% feet high. 

 Herbage hirsute and pubescent ; perennials, rarely biennials. 



Leaf -blades commonly entire, the densely silky pubescence on upper side conspicuouslj- 



gi-ooved along the lateral ribs; sand-dunes, Del Norte coast 1. P. argeniea. 



Leaf -blades pinnatifid with usually large terminal lobe, or entire with 1 to several supple- 

 mentary lobes at summit of petiole, or wholly entire, pubescent or hirsute, not 

 grooved on upper side; hill country or montane or high-montane, frequent, 



usually in dry or rocky places, widely distributed 2. P. mageUanica. 



Herbage hispid-bristly with stinging hairs ; leaf-blades entire or with a pair of supplementary 



lobes at base; biennial; plants of shady moist places 3. P. nemoralis. 



Flowers few in the raceme ; corolla 5 to 7 lines wide ; plants 2 to 4 mches high, the leaves entire ; 

 ne. Trinity Co 4. P. dalcsiana. 



b. Ovules several to many to each placenta. 



Leaf -blades 2 to 6 lines long, orbicular (as broad as long) ; main stems white-wooUy below; Death 

 Valley ranges 5. P. perityloides. 



