262 HTDROPHYLLACEAE 



darker veins, very showy, 6 lines long; scales similar to the species but the lobe aboye corolla 

 attachment narrowly lanceolate or linear and much longer, the lobe above filament attachment 

 rounded and shorter; stamens dark purple, exserted; seeds 1^/^ to 2 lines long. — Open slopes or 

 washes, western margins of the upper San Joaquin Valley from Fresno Co. to Kern Co. 



Field note. — In the field, when once its characters are understood, Phacelia cicutaria var. 

 heliophila is competently recognized in its main distribution area. It occurs notably in Zapato 

 Canon, easterly foothills of the Diablo Range in southwestern Fresno County. Zapato Creek, a 

 shallow wash of the San Joaquin Valley plain, cuts westward into the Kreyenhagen Hills and 

 forms a deep caiion with abrupt walls on both sides. Within three hundred yards after entering 

 Zapato Canon, one is confronted in mid-April with a striking colony of Phacelia cicutaria var. 

 heliophila (Jepson 15,372). It begins as a broad band at the caiion floor and rises steeply up the 

 slope to the summit of the north wall of the caiion and is framed right and left by outcropping 

 rock-ledges that parallel each other. It is a dense and almost pure colony growing in gravelly and 

 rocky soil. This variety has also been found in Piedra Azul Caiion, w. Merced County {Hoover 

 4379), in the Arroyo Hondo wash (four miles north of Cantua Creek), in western Fresno County 

 {Hoover 1872), at Alcalde in southwestern Fresno County (T. Brandegee), and at Sunset near 

 Maricopa in Kern County. All these localities are in or near the foothills of the inner South Coast 

 Range, that is, the easterly foothills on the San Joaquin Valley side of the range. 



Var. hispida (Gray) Jepson comb. n. Caterpillar Phacelia. Stems diffusely branched or 

 erect and subsimple, % to 2 feet high ; stems and petioles and leaf -blades minutely puberulent 

 and with long spreading white bristles; herbage not glandular or rarely slightly so; leaf-blades 

 broadly oblong in outline, 1 to 4 inches long, pinnatcly divided, the leaflets mostly distinct, dis- 

 crete and toothed or deeply or variously incised, Vi to 2% inches long, or the uppermost leaves 

 smaller and merely toothed or laciniate-incised ; petioles % to 1% inches long; racemes in age 

 not dense, the pedicels % or % to 1 line long; calyx-lobes narrow-oblanceolate or linear, slender- 

 attenuate downward, densely set with long spreading white bristles; corolla pale blue or lavender 

 (often with a dark blue dot in tube opposite each sinus), 3 to 4% bnes long, 4 to 7 lines wide, 

 1^4 to 2 times as long as the calyx; stamens well or scarcely exserted; fruiting calyx -lobes 4 to 5 

 lines long, 1% to 2 times as long as the globose capsule, often spreading above the very base; 

 seeds % to 1% lines long. — Gra%'elly or rocky slopes or in sandy soil of plains, foothills and caiions, 

 450 to 5700 (or 7300) feet: cismontane and intramontane Southern California. South to Lower 

 California. Apr.-July. In Ventura and Los Angeles counties this plant is well-known to bee- 

 keepers. 



Relation of the var. hispida to the species Phacelia cicutaria. — The leaves of Phacelia cicu- 

 taria. Sierra Nevada foothills, show a yellowish or brownish cast, whereas those of the var. hispida. 

 Southern California, are dark green or perhaps somewhat grayish on account of the pubescence. 

 The corolla in Phacelia cicutaria is dull white or whitish-lavender with translucent spots in the 

 throat opposite each sinus. The corolla in the var. hispida is a uniform blue, lavender or white, 

 sometimes with a dark blue spot in throat opposite each sinus. 



In these two forms, Phacelia cicutaria and its variety hispida, the corolla-scales are alike and 

 different from those of any other species of Phacelia. The scales are adnate to corolla on one 

 side and to base of filaments on the other side, the pair thus forming a deep v-shaped pocket behind 

 the filament. There is also to be observed a small acute free tip above attachment to corolla and 

 a larger free tip above the attachment to filament. The free margin of the scales is usually more 

 or less fimbriate or lacerate. 



The oldest specific name in this group, Phacelia hispida Gray (1878), resting initially on 

 Southern California coast line plants, is antedated by the homonym, Phacelia hispida Buckley 

 (1862). The next oldest name, which is here accepted as the specific name for the group, is 

 Phacelia cicutaria Greene (1902), the plant of the Sierra Nevada foothills. The Southern Cali- 

 fornia plant is, therefore, disposed as var. hispida (Gray) under Phacelia cicutaria, because Gray 

 first described it as a variety in 1875. 



Leaf variation. — In Phacelia cicutaria var. hispida the leaflets or segments of the leaf -blades 

 vary much both in size and shape. A prevailing leaf form is that with small (^4 to % inch long) 

 narrow leaflets, the leaflets toothed or pinnately incised or parted with toothed lobes. Frequently 

 found is a form with large oblong or suborbicular leaflets (^/^ to 1 inch wide). These two plant 

 forms are sometimes associated; when associated and without intergrades they are strikingly 

 unlike in leaf aspect but apparently alike in habit and size of plants and in inflorescence and 

 flowers and in other respects. Nevertheless, this marked contrast in the two states, so often noted 

 by the field observer, especially when plants are growing side by side, stirs a question in the mind 

 as to their genetical values. Over the general coastal range of the species, however, there is every 

 apparent intergrade. 



Locs. — Western Colorado Desert: Mission Creek (nw. of Garnet), Conchilla Desert, Clary 

 1601; Palm Springs, Mt. San Jacinto, Gilman 714; Andreas Caiion, San Jacinto Mts., Xetrlon 

 436. Cismontane S. Cal.: Santa Cruz Isl., Greene; Santa Barbara, T. Brandegee ; Ojai Valley, 

 Ventura Co., Thacher 37 ; San Francisquito Pass, n. Los Angeles Co., Hall 3097 ; Henninger Flats, 

 San Gabriel Mts., Pcirson 161; Cajon Pass, Jepson 6111; San Bernardino foothills. Parish; 

 Coyote Canon, Santa Rosa Mts., Hall 2782 ; Santa Ana Caiion, Orange Co., Alice King ; Pala, San 



