264 



HYDROPHYLLACEAE 



vided, the divisions oblong (not narrowed toward base), toothed or pinnately 

 incised ; spikes in terminal clusters or pairs or solitary ; calj^x-lobes I/2 to % as long 

 as corolla; corolla blue, deeply bowl-shaped, 3 to 4^ lines long, its scales sub- 

 orbicular, spreading horizontally, partly free; capsule ovate, mucronate; calyx- 

 lobes in fruit twice as long as in flower, oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, charta- 

 ceous with thickened margins and prominent midrib, markedly venulose, sparsely 

 bristly-ciliate, 3 to 5 lines long, arched over the capsule, their tips meeting. 



Adobe or clay soil of valley floors and open hills, or on alkaline flats, 20 to 5200 

 feet : South Coast Ranges from San Francisco and Contra Costa counties to San 



Luis Obispo Co.; Sacramento Valley, 

 west side from Glenn Co. to Solano 

 Co. ; San Joaquin Valley, west side ex- 

 cept at the south end ; southern Sierra 

 Nevada foothills from Tulare Co. to 

 Kern Co. ; Tehachapi Mts. ; western 

 Mohave Desert ; cismontane Southern 

 California from northern Ventura Co. 

 to western Riverside Co. South to 

 Lower California. Mar.-May. 



Field note. — As a part of the primitive 

 flora of tlie valley levels of California, Pha- 

 celia ciliata, an early spring-flowering annual, 

 was a conspicuous element. It is an instance 

 of a native species which has adapted itself 

 successfully to the changes brought about by 

 modern agriculture and often colonizes grain 

 fields for miles, as well as orchards. It flow- 

 ers early, matures its capsules and scatters its 

 seeds usually before plowing in the orchards 

 and always before harvesting in grain fields. 

 It has undoubtedly been disseminated to some 

 degree in grain seed. The occurrence at 

 Eureka {Tracy in 1899) probably owes its 

 origin to impure sowings. In regions less dis- 

 turbed by modern agriculture, as about Park- 

 field in southeastern Monterey County, areas 

 of 30 to 200 acres in which this species is the 

 dominant, still empurple the valley floors and 

 the low foothills. 



Locs. — South Coast Kanges: Summer- 

 ville. Contra Costa Co., Chesnut ^ Drew; Bur- 

 lingame, San Mateo Co., Inez Smith; Corral 

 Hollow, n. Mt. Hamilton Eange, Jepson 9565 ; 

 Warm Springs, sw. Alameda Co., Jepson 

 9098 ; Lewis Creek, s. San Benito Co., Jepson 16,147 ; Diablo Eange, sw. Fresno Co., Jepson 15,399 ; 

 Parkfield, se. Monterey Co., Jepson 16,170 ; Mission San Miguel, San Luis Obispo Co., Jepson 

 8438; Simmler, Carriso plain, se. San Luis Obispo Co., Jepson 16,207. Sacramento Valley (west 

 side) : Willows, Jepson 21,010; College City, Colusa Co., Ruth Johnson; CoUinsville, s. Solano Co., 

 Jepson 21,012. San Joaquin Valley (west side except at the south) ; Tracy, San Joaquin Co., 

 Jepson 9593; Los Banos (gypsum hills 10 mi. s.), Hoover 2880; Oxalis sta. (near Firebaugh), 

 w. Fresno Co., Jepson 15,350; Helm, cent. Fresno Co., Hoover 1787; Coalinga (6 mi. ne.), C. V. 

 Meyer; McKittrick, w. Kern Co., Heller 7784. Southern Sierra Nevada foothills: Stokes Valley, 

 Tulare Co., H. P. Kelley ; Rancheria Gulch, Poso Creek, Kern Co., C. N. Smith 52. Tehachapi 

 Mts.: Tehachapi Valley, Allison Krames. Western Mohave Desert: Antelope Valley (Erythea 

 3:155). Cismontane S. Cal. : Lockwood Valley, Mt. Pifios, Hall 6484; Garvanza, Los Angeles 

 Co., Geo. B. Grant 962 ; Temescal, sw. Biverside Co., Hall 394. 



Var. OPACA J. T. HoweU is a form with narrow dull or dark (not shining) calyx -lobes; it 

 grows on the plains of eastern Merced Co. (Tuttle, Hoover 1752; Planada, J. T. Howell 4202). 

 On the east side of the upper San Joaquin Valley (Ducor, Tulare Co., Hoover 3920), Phacelia 

 ciliata tends to grade towards this variety (R. P. Hoover). 



Eefs. — Phacelia ciliata Benth., Trans. Linn. Soe. 17:280 (1835), type from Cal., Douglas; 

 Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 437 (1901), ed. 2, 341 (1911), Man. 824, fig. 791 (1925). P. acantho- 



Fig. 404. Phacella ciliata Benth. a, habit, 

 X 1% ; 6, stamen and scales, X 2% ; c, x-sect. of 

 ovary, X 4%. 



