298 BORAGINACEAE 



nial W. Am. species of Lappula (Bull. Torr. Club 29:535-549,-1902); Study of Allocarya 

 (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22:79-113,-1920). Eastwood, A., New species of Oreocarya (Bull. 

 Torr. Club 30:238-246, — 1903). Nelson, A., & Macbride, J. P., Lappula [western U. S.", key and 

 notes], (Bot. Gaz. 61:36-42, — 1916). Macbride, J. F., Certain Boraginaceae, new or transferred 

 (Proc. Am. Acad. 51 : 541-548, — 1916) ; True Mertensias of western N. Am. (Contrib. Gray Herb. 

 48:1-20,-1916) ; Revision of genus Oreocarya (I.e. 48:20-38,-1916) ; Notes on certain Boragi- 

 naceae (I.e. 48:39-58,-1916) ; Revision of N. Am. species of Amsincliia (I.e. 49:1-16,-1917) ; 

 Further notes on the Boraginaceae (I.e. 49:16-22, — 1917); [Notes on Boraginaceae], (I.e. 56: 

 57-59,-1918) ; A defense of Allocarya (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 4:119-122,-1927). 



In August, 1918, one of the author's graduate students at Berkeley came seeking advice aa 

 to a suitable piece of research in the field of systematic botany. To this student (later an inves- 

 tigator) was recommended the family Boraginaceae, especially as developed in western America, 

 because it provides problems so profound as to furnish a challenge to the highest powers of 

 observation, penetration, judgment and skill in the apprehension of genera and species. The 

 following list of papers (citing only those relating to western America) in content and scope 

 shows how far this researcli botanist has since traveled the road of "his beloved borages" : Johnston, 



1. M., Restoration of genus Haekelia (Contrib. Gray Herb. 68:43-48, — 1923) ; Novelties and new 

 combinations in the genus Cryptantha (Contrib. Gray Herb. 68: 52-57, — 1923) ; Synopsis and 

 redefinition of genus Plagiobothrys (Contrib. Gray Herb. 68:57-80, — 1923); Synopsis of Am. 

 native and immigrant borages of the subfamily Boraginoideae (Contrib. Gray Herb. 70:3-55, — 

 1924); N. Am. species of Cryptantha (Contrib. Gray Herb. 74:3-114, — 1925); The Allocarya 

 section of Plagiobothrys in the western U. S. (Contrib. Arn. Arb. 3:1-82, — 1932); Notes on 

 various borages of the western U. S. (I.e. 3:83-102, — 1932) ; New or otherwise noteworthy species 

 [of Boraginaceae], chiefly from the western U. S. (Journ. Arn. Arb. 20:375-402, — 1939). 



Brand, A., Cynoglosseae (Engler, Pflzr. 42":1-183, figs. 1-22,-1931); Cryptantheae (I.e. 

 1-236, figs. 1-22, — 1931) ; Drei neue Gattungen der Cryptantheae (Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 

 21 :249-254,— 1925). Payson, E. B., [Notes on] Oreocarya (Univ. Wyo. Publ. Bot. 1 :164-171,— 

 1926); Monograph of section Oreocarya of Cryptantha (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:211-358, — 

 1927). Suksdorf, W., TJntcrsuehungen in der Gattung Amsinckia (Werdenda 1:47-113, — 1931). 

 Williams, L. C, Monograph of the genus Mertensia in N. Am. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24: 17- 

 159,-1937). 



A. Ovary undivided or merely lobed (sometimes 2 or 4-grooved on the sides), the style terminal. 



Style entire, the stigma annular-peltate. 



Flowers axillary (or appearing so) and solitary; fruit 2-lobed, each lobe globose, splitting 

 into 2 nutlets; stigma surmounted by a central tuft of bristles; desert annual 



1. EUPLOCA. 



Flowers in dense scorpioid spikes ; fruit not lobed, splitting into 4 nutlets ; stigma cap-like, 



not tufted (in ours) ; common wide-spread perennial 2. HELiOTROProM. 



Style 2-cleft, the stigmas capitate; desert herbs, sometimes suffrutescent 3. Coldenia. 



B. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style entire (rarely 2-cleft at apex) or none, arising from between 



the lobes of the ovary. 



1. Nutlets akmed with conspicuous prickles or spines. 



Nutlets globose or thick, the prickles barbed; corolla mostly blue, rarely pink or white; plants 

 mostly stout, usually tall (1 to 3 feet). 



Nutlets spreading, globose, not margined, prickly all over ; perennials 4. Cynoglossum. 



Nutlets erect, thick but margined, the margin prickly and sometimes prickly on the back ; 



perennials or annuals 5. Lappula. 



Nutlets thin and flat, divergent or spreading in pairs; corolla white; low (3 to 10 inches high) 

 slender annuals 6. Pectocarya. 



2. Nutlets smooth, tuberculate, muricate, rugose or rouqhish, not armed (or a pew species 



IN Allocarya armed with mostly short ok inconspicuous usually barbed prickles). 



1. Calyx pubescent, hirsute, bristly or glabrous. 



Receptacle flat or merely convex ; perennials (except 2 species in Myosotis). 



Flowers with tubular or tubular-campanulate corollas; corollas blue; nutlets wrinkled; Sierra 



Nevada, west slope and east side 7. Mertensia. 



Flowers with rotate, salverform or funnelform corollas; nutlets smooth and sliining. 



Throat of the corolla contracted by prominent crests; racemes mostly without bracts; 

 corolla blue or rarely white; one native species in Bel Norte Co., the others 



wide-spread aliens 8. Myosotis. 



Throat of corolla naked or with low crests; racemes bracteate; coroDa yellow; n. Cal 



9. Lithospebmum. 

 Receptacle more or less elongated or produced upward into a slender structure or gynobase to 

 which the nutlets are attached. 



