BORAGE FAMILY 317 



at length elongated. Corolla in ours purple, tubular, shallowly 5-lobed, its throat 

 with 5 prominent lanceolate crests alternating with and as long as the stamens. 

 Stamens included; style exserted. Nutlets 4, merely wrinkled, inserted at base by 

 a hollowed scar, its edge toothed. S. asperum Lepechin, Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. 

 14:442, t. 7 (1805), type from the Caucasus. Rough Comfrey. Stems 2 to 3 feet 

 high; herbage scabrous-hairy; leaf -blades ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 4 to 7 inches long, very shortly petioled or subsessile ; flowers 7 lines long. — Native 

 of Asia, an occasional garden escape around Humboldt Bay : Salmon Creek, Tracy 

 4679 in 1916 ; Areata, Kate Stirring in 1923. 



Lycopsis L. Coarse setose-hispid annuals with small flowers and bracteate 

 racemes. Corolla with unequal lobes, the tube curved at the middle, the throat 

 closed with hispid scales. Nutlets ovoid ; scar large, oval, excavated, bordered by 

 a thickened cartilaginous ring. L. arvensis L., Sp. PI. 139 (1753), type European; 

 Jepson, Man. 857 (1925). Small Bugloss. Stems 1 to 2 feet high; herbage with 

 spreading bristly hairs pustulate at base ; leaf -blades narrowly oblong, undulate- 

 margined, the lower petioled, the upper sessile ; racemes usually branched ; corolla 

 blue or at first purple, the tube not longer than the calyx, the lobes barely 1 line 

 long; nutlets finely and brokenly reticulate-rugose. — Native of Eur.; adventive at 

 Upland, San Bernardino Valley, Johnston 29 in 1917. 



9. LITHOSPERMUM L. Puccoon 



Ours pubescent or hairy perennial herbs, usually with red or violet-eolored roots 

 containing coloring matter. Stems few or several from the root-crown, in ours 

 branched only at the summit (or above the middle). Flowers in the axils of the 

 crowded upper leaves or in leafy spikes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla in ours yellow, 

 salverform or funnelform, with rounded lobes imbricated in the bud. Filaments 

 short ; anthers short, included. Style slender ; stigma truncate-capitate or 2-lobed. 

 Nutlets 4 or by abortion fewer, ovate, in ours ivory-white, bony and shining, erect, 

 attached to the flat receptacle by the base ; scar flat, rather small. — Species about 

 50, all continents except Australia. (Greek lithos, a stone, and sperma, a seed.) 



Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, clothing amply or densely the stems and upper branches ; corolla 

 greenish-yellow, the anthers set in upper part of throat; pubescence 8Uky....l. L. ruderale. 



Upper leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, discretely spaced on the stem and its upper branches; 



corolla goIden-yeUow, the anthers set in the lower part of throat ; pubescence harsh 



2. L. californicum. 



1. L. ruderale Dougl. Columbia Puccoon. Stems densely leafy, several from 

 the branched root-crown, i/o to 1^ feet high ; herbage silky-pubescent, the stems 

 sometimes spreading-hirsute; leaf -blades linear-lanceolate to linear, 1 to ZYo inches 

 long, sessile ; flowers crowded on short branchlets in the terminal leafy cluster, the 

 branchlets slightly elongating in fruit to form a close panicle ; calyx-lobes linear ; 

 corolla campanulate-funnelform, greenish-yellow, 4 to 5 lines long, the tube equal- 

 ing calyx or a little longer, the open throat naked or nearly so ; sinuses of corolla 

 closed ; nutlets broadly ovate, acute, 2 to 2i/2 lines long. 



Dry montane slopes, often with Artemisia tridentata, 4500 to 6000 feet : north- 

 ern Sierra Nevada from Placer Co. to Modoc Co. North to British Columbia and 

 Alberta, east to southern Nevada and to Colorado. May-June. 



Locs. — Betw. Truckee and Tahoe, Placer Co., Sonne 244; Blue Canon, Placer Co., Sovne 692 ; 

 Hawks, Plumas Co., Sawyer 175 ; Martin Sprs., Eagle Lake, Brown 4" Wieslander 64 ; Fort Bid- 

 well, Modoc Co., Jepson 7917. 



Eefs. — LITHOSPERMUM RUDERALE Dougl. ; Lehm., Pugill. 2:28 (1830), type loc. Columbia 

 and Willamette (Multnomah) rivers, Douglas; Jepson, Man. 843 (1925). L. pilosum Nutt., 

 Jour. Acad. Phila. 7:43 (1834), type loc. Flathead River, Mont., Wyeth. L. lanceolatum Eydb., 

 Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1:333 (1900), type loc. Lewistou, Ida., Eeller 3092. 



2. L. californiciun Gray. Shasta Puccoon. Stems few or several from the 

 root-crown, erect, 6 to 15 inches high; herbage spreading-hispid ; leaves % to 2 



