VERBENA FAMILY 379 



Of Califomian Verbenaceae a collection of specimens has been determined for the use of 

 this work by H. N. Moldenke. His research work in this family has, however, been completely 

 interrupted by the current world catastrophe. Since his monographs on the genera represented 

 in California are incomplete and unpublished it is not now possible to interpret fully his deter- 

 minations, nor is it desired to anticipate his findings. 



Bibliog.— Briquet, J., Verbenaceae (Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflzfam. 4»":133-182, figs. 54- 

 68, — 1897). Perry, L. M., Eerision of the N. Am. species of Verbena (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 

 20:239-362, — 1933). Moldenke, H. N., Verbcnaceous novelties (Am. Mid. Nat. 24:750-754, — 

 1940). 



Calyx 5-toothed; coroUa only slightly 2-lipped; nutlets 4; diffuse or erect herbs 1. Verbena. 



Calyx 2-cleft; corolla markedly 2-lipped; nutlets 2; creeping herbs or erect shrubs 2. Lippia. 



1. VERBENA L. Vervain 



Erect or diffuse herbs. Flowers in terminal bracteate spikes. Calyx narrow, 

 tubular, plicately 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla salverform, the limb 5-lobed, ob- 

 scurely or slightly 2-lipped. Anthers ovate. Ovary 4-celled, 1 ovule in each cell. 

 Stigma mostly 2-lobed, the anterior lobe larger and stigmatic, the posterior smooth 

 and sterile. Fruit mostly enclosed by the calyx, finally separating into 4 nutlets ; 

 nutlets dorsally 2 to 4-striate, the striae tending (more or less) to form reticula- 

 tions, especially on upper part; ventral side (or commissure) 2-planed or 2-faced 

 or the commissure much reduced and presenting but one face. — Species about 80, 

 all continents. (Latin name of a sacred plant.) 



Note on duration. — As to duration of our native species, Verbena lasiostachys is undoubtedly 

 perennial. Likewise, there can be no doubt that Verbena robusta is perennial in some localities 

 and perhaps in all. The root-crown of Verbena bracteata is thickened in such a manner as to 

 indicate perennial duration. Verbena bipinnatifida var. gooddingii flowers the first season but 

 it is often perennial — convincingly so at certain stations in the Providence Mountains. Probably 

 all our species of Verbena, native and introduced, are perennial. 



Tax. note. — The nutlets of all the species of Verbena described below are trigonous, that is, 

 the commissure is 2-faced save in one species. In Verbena brasiliensis the commissure is plane 

 or 1-faced. 



Flowers in spikes ; calyx equaling or a little exceeding the fruit ; corolla 1% to 2 lines long, its 

 limb 1/2 to 1 (or 2) lines broad; anthers not bearing appendages; sterile style-lobe not 

 exceeding or usually not exceeding the stigmatic lobe. 



Spikes rather short, very dense, parallel and erect in a close compact cyme; cent. Cal 



1. F. honariensis. 

 Spikes mostly elongated, loosely paniculate. 

 Bracts shorter than the flowers. 



Spikes rather slender, the flowers or fruit discrete or somewhat scattered or remote ; 

 coastal S. Cal. and Colorado Desert. 

 Leaves pinnatifid or unequally incised; nutlets 1% to 2 times as long as broad.... 



2. V. menthaefolia. 



Leaves serrate; nutlets thrice as long as broad 3. V. scahra. 



Spikes rather thickish, densely flowered, at least above ; plants erect. 



Petioles not margined; spikes subsessile or shortly peduncled, not leafy-brac- 

 teate, numerous in a close or dense panicle; river margins or delta 



swamps 4. F. hastata. 



Petioles cuneately margined ; spikes mostly peduncled, leafy-bracteate at base, 

 borne in a mostly open panicle ; hill country. 

 Spikes at length 4 to 12 inches long (much elongating), 1% to 3 lines wide, 

 loosely paniculate; flowers in age a little discrete; throughout 



cismontane Cal.; common 5. V. lasiostachys. 



Spikes 1 to 3 inches long (only slightly elongating), 3 lines wide, borne 

 in a strict compact panicle; flowers dense; Coast Ranges and coastal S. 



Cal. ; infrequent 6. V. roiusta. 



Bracts exceeding or at least equaling the flowers; spikes thick and dense; plants difl'use 



or ascending; cent, and S. Cal ._. 7. V. bracteata. 



Flowers in a head or oblong spike ; corolla 4 to 5 lines long, its limb 3 to 5 lines broad, the lobes 

 obcordate; anthers of the upper pair of stamens bearing a glandular appendage; sterile 

 style-lobe exceeding the stigmatic style-lobe; e. Mohave Desert 8. V. bipinnatifida. 



1. V. bonariensis L. Stem erect, unbranehed below, l^/^ to 6 feet high, nearly 

 glabrous; leaf -blades oblong-lanceolate, incised-serrate, 2V2 to 4^/2 inches long, 



