380 VERBENACEAE 



sessile, seaberulous; spikes dense, purplish towards apex, % to 1% inches long, 

 shortly peduneled or sessile, closely erect in capitately-umbellate clusters, or the 

 clusters somewhat paniculate; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, hairy; corolla laven- 

 der, Yo line broad ; commissural faces of nutlets densely set with whitish strongly 

 bulbous acute strigillae. 



Moist hillsides, river bottoms or flooded valley flats, 60 to 200 feet: intro- 

 duced from South America, adventive at scattered stations in central California. 

 July- Aug. 



Locs. — Near Snelling, Merced Co. (Lflts. W. Bot. 1:21) ; betw. Alto and Mill Valley, Marin 

 Co. (Lflts. "W. Bot. 1:21); Collinsville, Solano Co. (Lflts. W. Bot. 1:21); Maryaville, Jepson 

 16,759. 



Ref. — Verbena bonareensis L., Sp. PI. 20 (1753), "in agro Bonariensi," that is, Buenos 

 Aires, Argentina. 



Verbena litoralis H. B. K., Not. Gen. et Sp. 2:276, pi. 137 (1817), type loc. seashore 

 "prope Truxillo, Santa et Lima," Peru. F. hansenii Greene, Pitt. 3:308 (1898), type loc. Sierra 

 Nevada foothills in Amador Co., Hansen. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equaling calyx; 

 calyx subtruncate, the teeth minute, subulate; corolla 1 to 1^4 lines broad; nutlets striate on the 

 back, the commissure 2-faced, densely covered with minute white stellately toothed scales. — 

 Native of Mexico and South America, introduced into the s. United States and also once collected 

 at Clinton, Amador Co. (Hansen 2025, det. L. M. Perry). 



Verbena brasiliensis Veil., Fl. Flum. 1 : t. 90 (1790), type from Brazil. Similar to V. lito- 

 ralis; commissure of nutlets plane, minutely seaberulous, the dorsal side with 5 longitudinal 

 ribs. — Native of Brazil, adventive in the lower San Joaquin Valley: Bouldin Isl., Congdon (det. 

 H. N. Moldenke) ; Modesto, Hoover 93 (det. H. N. Moldenke). 



2. V. menthaefolia Benth. Stems several to many from the base, branching, 

 ascending, II/2 to 2 feet high, thinly hirsutulose, or subglabrous and hirsute on the 

 angles ; leaf -blades ovate to oblong, unequally incised to pinnatifid, % to 3 inches 

 long, drawn do^vn to a short margined petiole or subsessile ; spikes slender, 4 to 

 12 inches long, thinly strigulose, the flowers discrete or at least not densely crowded ; 

 bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsutulose ; calyx hirsutulose, its teeth mi- 

 nute, at maturity connivent over the apex of the fruit and nearlj' concealing it; 

 corolla-tube equaling or slightly exceeding calyx, its limb IV2 to 2 lines broad; 

 commissitral face of nutlets rough-puberulous. 



Mesas and flats, 50 to 1000 feet: Sierra Nevada foothills in Tulare Co.; San 

 Diego Co. ; Colorado Desert. South to Mexico. Apr.-May. 



Locs. — Kaweah, Tulare Co., E. Brandegee ; San Diego, G. TV. Dunn; Otay (4 mi. e.). Wolf 

 2100; Indian Wells, Colorado Desert, T. Brandegee. 



Eefg. — Verbena menthaefoua Benth., PI. Hartw. 21, 33 (1840), type loc. Leon, Mexico, 

 Hartweg 175. V. officinalis Wats., Bot. Cal. 2:478 (1880); Jepson, Man. 858 (1925); not L. 



3. V. scabra Valil. Stem erect, branching, 1 to 3 feet high ; herbage hispidu- 

 lose or seaberulous ; leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 3 inches long, serrate 

 or sparingly incised (or the broadly cuneate base entire), sessile by a broad base 

 or very shortly petioled; spikes very slender, somewhat dense, 2 to 4 inches long; 

 calyx seaberulous; corolla i/^ line wide; fruit divergent from axis of spike; com- 

 missural faces of nutlets whitish-puberulent. 



Marshes or moist places, 10 to 1000 feet : valleys of coastal Southern California 

 bordering or near the foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains. 

 East to North Carolina and Texas, south to ]\Iexico ; West Indies. Sept.-Oct. 



Locs. — Newport Lagoon, Orange Co., Booth 1334; Los Angeles Eiver near Los Angeles, 

 Braunton 532 ; San Bernardino, Parish. 



Rcfs. — Verbena scabra Vahl, Ecolog. Am. 2:2 (1798). V. urticifolia Jepson, Man. 858 

 (1925) ; not L. F. polystachya Jepson, I.e.; not H. B. K. 



4. V. hastata L. Blue Vervain. (Pig. 419.) Stem ei-ect, strict, unbranehed 

 below, 2 to 6 feet high; herbage hispidulose; leaf -blades ovate- to oblong-lanceo- 

 late, obtuse at base, gradually acuminate to apex, rather finely serrate, 3 to 6 

 inches long, on petioles 6 to 10 lines long; spikes not leafy at base, more or less 



