402 LABIATAE 



Corolla white, lilac or light-purple, 4 to 7 lines long; flower-whorls 2 to 8. 

 Bracts and calyx-teeth cuspidate. 



Mat-forming herb with prostrate woody stems, the flowering stems 4 to 12 inches 

 high, ascending, scape-like and almost leafless; corolla light violet; style 



and stamens long-exserted; widely distributed 9. S. sonomensis. 



Shrub with dark or blackish herbage; corolla white, lilac or lavender; style and 

 especially the stamens little exserted, or the stamens included; South Coast 



Ranges and coastal S. Cal 10. S. melUfera. 



Bracts and calyx-teeth blunt ; corolla light purple ; stamens and style much exserted ; 

 whole plant hoary-white; Monterey Co. to Orange Co 11. 5. leucophylla. 



b. Bracts, upper floral leaves and 2-lipped calyx scarious-memhranous, usually colored; transmon- 

 tone deserts or ranges on desert borders. 



Leaves spatulate or obovate, obtuse or retuse, not rugose, entire (or sparsely crenulate) ; bracts 

 purplish-tinged ; flower-whorls usually 2 to 4. 



Corolla 3 to 5 lines long, its tube little exceeding the calyx 12. S. carnosa. 



Corolla 9 to 12 lines long, its tube over twice as long as the calyx 13. S. pachypJiylla. 



Leaves oblong to ovate or linear, acutish, very rugose, crenulate. 



Bracts apparently whitish; leaves small (3 to 6 or 8 lines long), of one kind, ovate; flower- 

 whorls solitary and terminal 14. S. mohavensis. 



Bracts purplish or purplish-green; leaves larger (% to 1% inches long), of 2 kinds, oblong- 

 lanceolate and linear-revolute; flower-whorls 1 to 4 15. S. eremostacliya. 



1. S. carduacea Beuth. Thistle Sage. Stems 1 to 6 from a basal leaf -rosette, 

 naked and scape-like, 4 inches to 21/4 feet high, bearing 1 to 4 whorls of flowers ; 

 herbage white-woolly, the wool more or less deciduous; flower-whorls markedly 

 woolly ; basal leaves 3 to 12 inches long ; leaf -blades oblong in outline, pinnatifid, 

 with spinulose-dentate margin; bracts ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, pectinate- 

 spinescent, surpassing the flowers; calyx long-woolly, its upper lip strongly 3- 

 toothed, the middle tooth larger, the lateral distant, much surpassing the lower 

 lip ; corolla light blue, deeply 2-lipped, 1 inch long ; upper lip 2-clef t, the segments 

 laeiniate or denticulate at the end; lower lip with small erose lateral lobes and an 

 exceedingly large fan-shaped and laciniately fringed middle lobe; proper filament 

 very short. 



Sandy plains, dry hills, mesas and canon flats of interior valleys and deserts and 

 desert borders, 25 to 4000 feet : inner South Coast Range from San Joaquin Co. to 

 western Kern Co. and westward to the coast in San Luis Obispo Co. ; San Joaquin 

 Valley (infrequent in north part) ; southern Sierra Nevada in Tulare and Kern 

 Cos. ; cismontane Southern California ; western Mohave Desert ; western Colorado 

 Desert. South to Lower California. May-June. 



Field note. — Salvia carduacea usually occurs in colonies which are often rather clearly limited. 

 In the lower part of the San Felipe Valley, transmontane San Diego County, it is, for example, 

 very abundant, its well-defined colonies S to 40 feet across and often very dense and showy, making 

 spots of color which continue for many miles. In Blair Valley, a short distance south, the Thistle 

 Sage forms a zone 40 to 50 feet broad for two or three miles around Filaree Flat (Jepson Field 

 Book, vol. 37, p. 102, 1920. ms.). Very sho\vj- colonies occur in Santa Barbara County within a few 

 miles of the coast near Orcutt, and in Palo Prieto Pass on the hillslopes of the Temblor Range 

 in the inner South Coast Range. Salvia carduacea is recorded as collected in the Sacramento 

 Valley by Theodore Hartweg in 1844, but it has not since been found in that region. 



A characteristic flower-stem development is as follows: The initial flower stalk is erect, arising 

 from the flat ground-rosette of leaves. Later four additional stems arise, usually in pairs from 

 the axils of the basal leaves. These stems are at first perfectly prostrate, but eventually, on elon- 

 gating, they become ascending, each bulbous-dilated at base. A plant, therefore, typically, consists 

 of five flower stalks, four lateral ones and an axial one in the center ; or sometimes there may be 

 only two lateral stems. 



In the flower, the proper filament of the stamen is very short; as the main arm or fork of the 

 connective it is continued upward and a bit outward or spreading and bears a large anther. The 

 other fork of the connective is slender and stands at a right angle or nearly, bends around to the 

 upper side of the corolla-tube, its anther lying alongside the antlicr on the short fork of the con- 

 nective of the companion stamen. These two small anthers, therefore, lie one over the other hori- 

 zontally and guard the upper side of the entrance to the corolla throat. They are about one-half 

 the size of the larger anthers, but their cells are closely packed with pollen. 



Locs. — South Coast Ranges: Corral Hollow, Alameda Co., Jepson 9578; Panoche Valley, e. 

 San Benito Co., Jepson 18,127; Bitterwater Valley, s. San Benito Co., Jepson; Coalinga (foot- 



