NIGHTSHADE FAMHjY 451 



Leaf -blades petioled or if sessile not auricled or subcordate at base (except rarely in no. 6) ; 

 flowers open in the evening and all night, closed most of the day; annuals. 

 Cauline leaves petioled ; corolla-limb 5 to lU lines broad, its lobes short and broad, round- 

 ish or quadratish, obtuse or subacute, the sinuses narrow; stamens equally in- 

 serted at summit of corolla-tube. 

 Calyx with 5 dark longitudinal stripes, its lobes becoming linear, equaling or ex- 

 ceeding the tube; corolla 6 to 10 lines broad; cauline leaves with greatest 



breadth usually near base; cent, and n. Cal 3. N. acuminata. 



Calyx not obviously striped, its lobes acute, shorter than the tube; corolla 3 to 6 

 lines broad; cauliue leaves with greatest breadth usually above base or 



near middle; mostly transmontane 4. N. attenuata. 



Cauline leaves sessile or subsessile, rarely some (usually the lower) petioled. 



Corolla-limb 3 to 5 lines broad, shallowly parted into ovate lobes with narrow 

 sinuses; stamens equally inserted at summit of corolla-tube; calyx-lobes 

 very unequal, the longer once to twice length of the tube ; coastal S. Cal. 



and Colorado Desert 5. N. clevelandii. 



Corolla-limb % to 2 inches broad, deeply parted into ovate-acute lobes with broad 

 sinuses and thus stellate in appearance; stamens unequally inserted high 



in corolla-throat; calyx-lobes little unequal; cismontane Cal 



6. N. iigelovii. 



1. N. glauca Graham. Mexican Tobacco. Soft-woody evergreen shrub, 6 to 

 15 feet higli, very slender and loosely branching, with glabrous and glaucous herb- 

 age; leaf-blades ovate, l^/^ to 8 inches long, on petioles 1-3 to % as long; flowers in 

 terminal panicles; calyx unequally 5-toothed, 5 to 6 lines long; corolla II/2 inches 

 long, its tube dilated into the throat above summit of the calyx (the stamens in- 

 serted at this point), its limb 3 to 4 lines broad, shallowly 5 (occasionally 4) -lobed, 

 the throat of corolla constricted just below the limb ; capsule oblong, I/2 inch long. 



Native of Argentina, abundantly naturalized along the banks and beds of living 

 and of seasonal water courses, especially along stream beds of the "wash" type, 5 

 to 3000 feet : nearly throughout California in the warmer drier regions. Apr.-Nov. 



Immigration note. — According to S. B. Parish (Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 19'':24), Nicotiana glauca 

 was introduced into Southern California from Mexico during the mission period. This introduc- 

 tion was undoubtedly for use as a garden shrub, since Mexican immigrants continued to carry it 

 with them when migrating northward. J. B. Davy found it in the Mexican Camp at New Almaden 

 in Santa Clara County in 1898. The author's field book records it as planted by Mexicans in the 

 fenced enclosure of a shack on the open plain at Ludlow in the Mohave Desert as lately as 1913. 

 Since its early introduction it has run wild as an escape and has been spreading slowly but steadily 

 northward throughout the entire state at low altitudes, save perhaps on the east side of the Sierra 

 Nevada and in the North Coast Eanges north of Napa County. It was not, however, listed in 

 any flora until 1894 (cf. Greene, Man. Eeg. S. F. Bay, 268). The author first observed it as 

 plentiful along Putah Creek near Winters, Yolo County, on September 17, 1887, and collected it 

 on Ulatis Creek, at Vacaville, Solano County, Sept. 22, 1SS7. Other early records are: Stockton, 

 S. P. Fitch 137 in 1888 ; Knights Ferry, Sanford 171 in 1890 ; Clear Creek, Butte Co., E. E. Brown 

 in 1896; San Leandro, Alameda Co., Davy in 1898. It is now found along a large number of 

 foothill streams or washes or gulches around the west margins of the Great Valley where it often 

 forms distinct groves or miniature forests on river flats or in sandy washes. Up to 1907 it was 

 not known on the eastern side of the Great Valley but has since appeared at Oroville, at Ilornitos 

 (Mariposa Co.) and in the foothills (Kern River Caiion) northeast of Bakersfield. It is frequent 

 in the South Coast Eanges and in coastal Southern California and occurs abundantly along the 

 coast line from Monterey Co. to San Diego Co.: Little Sur River, Jcpson; Gaviota Pass, Santa 

 Inez Mts., A. L. Grant 1750; near Newport Beach, L. M. Booth 1338; Santiago Creek, Santa Ana 

 Mts., Alice King ; Oceanside, San Diego Co., Jepson. By 1908, the writer observed, it was begin- 

 ning to fill the deep caiious of vSanta Catalina Island. By 1920, C. F. MUlspaugh reported (cf. 

 Jepson Field Book 36:184), it had gained the tops of the Santa Catalina ridges. It is also found 

 in the Colorado Desert and western Mohave Desert. Occasionally cattle are poisoned by its herb- 

 age. The first leaves are in appearance somewhat cabbage-like. 



Eefs. — Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edin. New Phil. Jour. 5:175 (1828), cult, in the Royal 

 Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, the seed from Buenos Aires, Argentina; Jopscra, FI. W. Mid. Cal. 

 391 (1901), ed. 2, 366 (1911), Man. 888 (1925). 



2. N. trigonophylla Dunal. Desert Tobacco. Stems slender, 1 or several to 

 many from the base, erect, 1 to 3 feet high ; leaf -blades broadly oblong to ovate, en- 

 tire, acute, sessile and auricled, 2 to 5 inches long, the lower ones attenuate at ba.se 

 into a shortly winged petiole; flowers in nearly naked raceme-like inflorescences 



