NIGHTSHADE FAMILY 453 



determine plants of this alien in central California as belonging to the Nicotiana acuminata 

 species group, probably about the year 1910, although there is no printed statement or herbarium 

 record which furnishes precise confirmation. The species Nicotiana acuminata is discussed in 

 Setchell's first paper on Nicotiana (Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 5:23, — 1912), but no reference is made 

 to its occurrence in California. Determinations of the following collections are all the results of 

 critical work done by Helen-Mar Wheeler, who points out that Nicotiana acuminata is distin- 

 guishable from Nicotiana attenuata by the dark longitudinal stripes on the calyx, by its much 

 longer corolla and by its longer looser more spreading panicle branches. The earliest available 

 specimens show that this tobacco was spontaneous at Stockton as early as 1893 {Davy 409). 

 Since Stockton is an ocean steamer port the seed may have come in ballast. The next year, 1894, 

 it was collected in the Napa River "bottom" near St. Helena (Jepson 21,245). Other stations 

 follow. Coast Ranges: Howell Mt., Napa Range, Jepson 18,449 in 1937; Agua Caliente, Sonoma 

 Valley, Jepson 6191 in 1914; Livermore, Hooper; Gilroy, Condit ; Panoche Valley, e. San Benito 

 Co., Quick 1179 in 1934. Great Valley: Anderson, Shasta Co., BlanMnship in 1911; Ripon, San 

 Joaquin Co., Hoover 7029 in 1935; Waterford (12 mi. e.), Stanislaus Co., Hoover 2592 in 1937. 

 Sierra Nevada: Rivertou, Eldorado Co., E. Brandegee in 1914; O'Neals (5 mi. w.), Madera Co., 

 Biswell 111 in 1935. 



Refs. — Nicotiana acuminata Hook., Bot. Mag. t. 2919 (1829). Petunia acuminata Graham, 

 Edin. New Phil. Jour. 5:378 (1828), type cult, in Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, the seed from 

 Mendoza, Argentina, Gillies. Var. multiflora Reiche, Flora de Chile 5:388 (1910). N. multi- 

 flora Phil., Linnaea 33:197 (1864), type loc. Choapa, Chile, Landbeck. N. attenuata Greene, Man. 

 Bot. Reg. S. F. Bay, 268 (1894) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 391 (1901), ed. 2, 3C6 (1911), Man. 

 889 (1925), aU in part as to text (the Man. fig. 833 is N. acuminata var. multiflora Reiche). 



4. N. attenuata Torr. Coyote Tobacco. Stem simple or branching, 1 to 2 

 (or 4) feet liigh; herbage puberulent, only slightly or obscurely glandular; basal 

 leaves in a flat rosette, the blades oval to elliptic-lanceolate, 2i/2 to 6 (or 9) inches 

 long, the upper cauline varying to linear -lanceolate, 1 to 2i/2 inches long, all 

 petioled; flowers many, as if racemose along the branches and thus disposed in 

 a somewhat strict panicle ; calyx-teeth lanceolate to subulate, % to as long as the 

 tube ; corolla 1 to IV2 inches long, with narrow limb 3 to 6 lines broad, its tube short, 

 % as long as throat ; stamen filaments inserted at summit of corolla-tube ; capsule 

 commonly shorter than the calyx, sometimes longer. 



Washes and valley flats, 2600 to 8600 feet: North Coast Ranges in Siskiyou, 

 Humboldt and Trinity Cos. ; north and east sides of the Sierra Nevada from eastern 

 Siskiyou Co. to Inyo Co., on west slope from Fresno Co. to Kern Co.; Tehachapi 

 Mts.; Mohave Desert; intramontane Southern California from Mt. Piiios to the 

 Laguna Mts. South to Lower California, east to New Mexico, Colorado and Wyo- 

 ming, north to British Columbia. July-Nov. 



Geog. note. — Nicotiana attenuata, basically a Great Basin plant, is in California almost 

 wholly transmontane, or where it is intramontane the habitats are ecologically transmontane or 

 essentially so. One marked exception emerges: the occurrence of stations in Trinity and Hum- 

 boldt Cos., 100 to 2000 feet. These stations may, however, be considered as in harmony with the 

 geographic mode of a number of Great Basin species whose pattern of distribution is extended 

 as a narrow thrust into the northern part of the North Coast Ranges. 



Locs. — North Coast Ranges: Oro Fino, w. Siskiyou Co., Butler 17; Burlington, South Fork 

 Eel River, Tracy 4763 ; Hyampum, Trinity Co., Chesnut # Drew. Sierra Nevada (north and east 

 sides) : Little Shasta Valley, e. Siskiyou Co., Jepson 19,989; Surprise Valley, e. Modoc Co., Man- 

 ning; Beckwith Pass, Lassen Co., Jepson 7760; East Carson River, Alpine Co., Hall 4" Chandler 

 4768; McGee Mdws., w. of Bishop, K. Brandegee. Southern Sierra Nevada (west slope) : South 

 Fork San Joaquin River, Hall 4" Chandler 7650; Trout Mdws., Tulare Co., Jepson 1044; Brecken- 

 ridge Mt., Kern Co., Bauer 6. Tehachapi Mts.: Tehachapi, Wolf 1678. Mohave Desert: Tecopa 

 Pass, Kingston Range, Alexander 4 Kellogg 2369; Warrens Well, Howell 2899. Intramontane 

 S. Cal.: near Cuddy Valley, Mt. Pinos, Dudley 4- Lamb 4510; Wheeler Hot Sprs., Ventura Co., 

 Munz 13,231 ; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts., Peirson 495; Lake Arrowhead, San Bernardino Mts., 

 Braunton 1048; Dutch Flat, San Jacinto Mts., C. V. Meyer 523a; Things Valley, near Campo, 

 Parish 19,325. 



Refs. — Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ; Wats., Bot. King 276, pi. 27, figs. 1, 2 (1871), type loc. 

 Carson City, Nev., Anderson (first cited locality) ; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Cal. 391 (1901), ed. 2, 

 366 (1911), Man. 889 (1925), all in part and excluding Man. fig. 833. 



5. N. clevelandii Gray. Stems 1 to 2 feet high ; leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 

 1% to 5 inches long, the cauline very short-petioled or subsessile, the basal with 



