igi4.] SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 197 



Australia. There are over a score of Oligocene species including one 

 from Chili that may even be of Eocene age. The lower Oligocene 

 or Sannoisian has eleven species in France, Tyrol, Saxony and Prus- 

 sia and includes three species of flowers described by Caspary from 

 the Baltic amber. The Middle Oligocene or Tongrian has six species 

 in France, Italy, Germany and Styria and there are seven species in 

 the Upper Oligocene (Chattian) of France, Bohemia and Greece. 

 Upwards of fifty species have been described from the Miocene of 

 Europe and Asia, and from New Jersey, Colorado and California in 

 this country. The most prolific Miocene area is that of France. 

 About ten species are known from the Pliocene of Spain, France, 

 Italy, Prussia and Asia Minor. One fossil and four recent species 

 are found in the Pleistocene of Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, 

 Kentucky and the Island of Madeira. In addition to the fossil 

 forms referred to Ilex, two Miocene species from Italy and Styria 

 are referred to the genus Nemopanthes and four forms from the 

 late Oligocene or the Miocene of Prussia, Styria, Croatia, Bohemia 

 and Greece are referred to the genus Prinos Linne, which is usually 

 considered a section of Ilex. The four species from the Wilcox that 

 are referred to Ilex are represented in the collections by a small 

 amount of mostly poor material and are without special significance. 



The family Celastraceae includes about 40 genera and upwards 

 of 400 existing species of trees and shrubs with opposite or alternate, 

 simple, persistent or deciduous leaves and capsular or drupaceous 

 fruits. The three large genera Euonymus, Celastnts and Gymuo- 

 sporia are practically cosmopolitan and several additional genera 

 localized in the modern flora were cosmopolitan in the Tertiary. 



The following 12 genera with over 100 species are confined 

 to America: Fraunhofcra, Mortouia, Glossopetahtm, Schaefferia, 

 Goupia, Maytenus, Pachystima, Ziiiozvic-wia, Plenckia, Wimmcria, 

 Gxminda, Rlwcoma. The genera Glyptopctolum and Tripterygium 

 together with five species are confined to Asia. The genera Hypso- 

 phila, Dcnliamia and Hedra'xanthcra together with seven species are 

 confined to Australia. And the following ten genera with about 60 

 species are confined to Africa or Madagascar: Putterlickia, Catha, 

 Ptcrocclastrus, Polycardia,Ptelidium } Gassinc, Elccodcndron, Mauro- 

 ccnia, Schvchcra and Lauridia. 



