I9I4-] SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 205 



nervilles. There are a dozen or more species described from the 

 Upper Cretaceous, the genus appearing in the Cenomanian in both 

 Europe (Niederschcena, Saxony) and America (Raritan formation). 

 There are six species in the Dakota sandstone, two in the Magothy 

 formation, one in the Atane and two in the Patoot beds of Green- 

 land. The genus is represented in the Montana group and the Lara- 

 mie formation of the Western Interior and in the Senonian of West- 

 phalia. There are about thirty Eocene species, the majority being 

 North American. Species of Rhamnus are very common in the 

 Raton and Denver formations along the Front Range of the Rocky 

 Mountains and from the base to the top of the Wilcox. There are 

 four species in the Raton, eight in the Denver and six in the Wilcox. 

 The genus is also well represented in the later Eocene along the 

 Pacific coast and in western Greenland. In Europe only a single 

 species is recorded from the Paleocene. The Ypresian which is syn- 

 chronous with the Wilcox has three species in the south of England. 



There are eleven or twelve Oligocene species in France, Prussia, 

 Tyrol, Italy, Dalmatia, Styria, and Greece and a single undescribed 

 species in the Apalachicola group of Florida. There are over two 

 score Miocene species, Rhamnus being especially abundant in the 

 Miocene of Switzerland, Italy, Bohemia, Prussia and Styria. It is 

 also present at this time in Iceland, Spitzbergen, Manchuria and 

 Sachalin Island. In this country there are species in British Co- 

 lumbia and in Colorado. 



There are about thirteen Pliocene species, no less than nine being 

 recorded from Italy and there is one known from the Island of Java. 

 There is an extinct species in the Pleistocene of Hungary and a re- 

 cent species in the Pleistocene of the Island of Madeira. In addi- 

 tion to the species referred to Rhamnus the form-genus Rhamnitcs 

 Forbes founded on three species from the Eocene of the Isle of Mull 

 has two American Upper Cretaceous species found in the Raritan, 

 Tuscaloosa, Magothy and Dakota formations. There is a species in 

 the Fort Union and another in the Wilcox. The genus Rhamna- 

 cinium of Felix is based on petrified wood. It contains five or six 

 species found in the Eocene of the Caucasus, Texas, Saskatchewan 

 and the Miocene of Yellowstone Park. 



