TXTIJODUCTOirr LESSONS 



IN 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



SECTION 1.— THE BEGINNINGS OF PLANT LIFE. 



1. If the first rain of the wet season is followed by warm, sunny 

 weather, sjiecks of green will soon appear among the dry stems of last 

 year's weeds; and in fence corners or other edd}' nooks where summer 

 winds have drifted seeds and covered them with dust, you may find per- 

 fect mats of bab}' plants. With a shovel skim off a few square inches of 

 this plant-bearing soil, and carefully examine it. Except a few green 

 needles, which you recognize as spears of grass, most of these little plants 

 seem to consist of white stems, which split at the top into pairs of green 

 leaves. Looking sharply, you may find between each pair of leaves a 



1. Seed (if Bnr-clover juKt be- 

 fore it appears above grouud. 2. 

 Same three days older. 3- Mus- 

 tard. 4-. llur rlover showing the 

 tirst and secoud plunmle leaves; 

 tlie former simple (apparently), 

 the letter with three lentiets. 5- 

 Mallows ( Malva borealis), show- 

 ing the hjng-petioled s< e I leaves 

 'Cotyledons , and one plumule 

 leaf unfokied. 6- I'ilaria (Ero- 

 dium), with lobed or sub-tom- 

 pounil seed leaves. 



tiny l)ud; or, in the older plants, this may have grown other leaves, which 

 curiously enough are not like the first two. (Figures 1 to 0). Searching 

 through the shovelful of earth you will likely find plants in all stages of 

 ^Towth, from swollen and sprouting seeds to stems, which are just push- 

 ing their bowed leaf-heads into the sunlight. Here, then, is material 

 from which 3'ou may learn liow plants grow; a lesson, remember, which 

 no text-book or schoolmaster can teach you. It will be easier, however, 

 since most of these early wild plants come from very small seeds, to take 



