INTRODrCTORY LESSONS. 



your first lessons from plants which have larger beginnings. You should 

 first study — 



2. The Plant in the seed. Get many kinds of largo seeds, such as 

 peas, Leans, scpiasb-seeds, buckeyes, castor beans, corn, etc. Put them 

 in water that they may become soft enough to be readily separated into 

 their parts. In a day or two starchy seeds, such as peas or beans, will be 

 in good condition. 



3. First take a beau and make drawings showing the outlines as seen 

 sidewise and edgewise. Any marks that seem to be found on all beans 

 must be put down in the drawing, but do not bother about the shading. 

 These attempts to represent what you see will lead to the discovery of 

 certain marks on the concave edge of the bean, the meaning of w^hich 

 you may sometime learn by studying the growth of the seed in the pod. 

 After you have thus studied the outside of the seed, slit it along the back 

 with a sharp knife and take out the kernel. It readily splits into halves 

 w^hieh are held together near one end by a short stem. Upon breaking 

 them apart the stem sticks to one half, and you discover growing from the 

 inner end a pair of tiny embracing-leaves. Make another draAving and 

 compare it with Fig. 7. Presently it will be 

 clear to you that this entire kernel is a littlo "nii^uiA /^il 

 plant. The plant in this dry apparently lifeless * i'lH 'M W iliU'!! H 

 first stage of its existence is called — 



4. The Embryo, or Garm. This, as you have 

 seen, is made up of the stem, or lladlcle ; the 

 thick parts called Cotyledons, and the two-leaved 7 



IT -m 1 T^^ I c • • 7. One cotyledon of a bean wifh 



bud, or riamule. ihe embryo of a pea is sim- the radicle and larg,) piunmio. g. 



;i„,. A„ i.l,„t „* „ 1 1 i. i-i 1 1 • Embryo of a peanut, a, inner side 



liar to that ot a bean, but the plumule is more of one cotyledon with tueradide 

 decidedly a bud. Fig. 8 represents the straight ^'.'1'?'""'"" ' '' °''*'' '''^" °' *""' 

 embryo of a peanut. The radicle is not bent around against the cotyle- 

 dons as in the pea and bean, and the ))lumule shows two divided leaflets. 

 The cotyledons of the squash are thin and the plumule is scarcely visible. 

 Lupine, though its seeds resemble beans, has a long radicle and a minute 

 plumule. The buckeye seems to have a loug radicle, but since it splits 

 nearly to its point, where you will find a large plumule, it is evident that 

 the ajipareut radicle is mostly made up of the cotyledon stems (petioles). 



