G 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



genus ScoUopus. Turuiug to llie description of the only species de- 

 scribed, -vve find it satisfactory. Upon referring to the Glossary of 

 Generic and Specific Names in the back part of the book, wc find \vhy the 

 plant Avas named ScoUopim Bigelovii- 



5S. Special Directions. Do not decide 

 anytliing conceniiiig the ovary by the outside 

 appearance of the flower only, but carefully 

 examine it. Otherwise you may even mis- 

 take an inferior ovary for a pedicel, or a 

 calyx tube for a peduncle. For example, 

 some Oiiayracem have slender sessile ovaries; 

 Oenothera ovata has the ovaries under ground 

 in the axils of radical leaves, and the slender 

 calyx tuijcs exactly mimic scapes. To deter- 

 mine whether an ovary is inferior or superior, 

 it is often necessary to cut the flower verti- 

 nilK- +ii..^.,,fi> +!,« «,.„+^„ „„ ,•„ „i. • -c- 61. A flo-wer of Whipplea, magnified, cut down 



cally through the center, as is shown in Fig. through the center, showing the partly inferior 

 which reijresents the partly inferior "'^""'y a°d the introrse anthers. 



ovary of Whipplea modesta. (Fig. 62 shows a few flowers, natural size.) 

 The number of cells in the ovary may be shown by cutting across the 

 middle. To determine whether the placenta is central or 2^nrie(al, it is best 

 to get the partly grown fruit (pods). If you find the seeds growing fast 

 to the sides of the pod the placenta is parietal. The number of ovules in 

 the ovary of a Lupine flower may be easily seen by scraping oft" the downy 

 coating of the sides and holding it up to the light. 



59. The side of an anther, from which the pollen escapes, is called its face. If this 

 is toward the pistil the anther is introrse (Fig. 61); if toward the corolla, extrorse (Fig. 

 GO.) Wheu the stamens of a gamopetalous flower are inserted lo-.v down it is often diffi- 

 cult to tuU whether they are opposite or alternate, with the corolla lobes. In such cases 

 you can generally decide by tracing the midveins of the corolla lobes downward. If they 

 go between the bases of the filaments, the latter must be alternate with the lobes of the 

 corolla. 



Ill the Order Cruciferaj, you have frequently to decide whether r. (^ O^iO Q) 

 an embryo is incumbent or accumbent. Fig. 63 shows at a an incum- a, I, 



bent embryo; at b an accumbent embryo. C3 



