The Trees of Vermont 185 



SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF FRAXINUS 



a. Lateral leaflets sessile F. nigra, p. 193. 



aa. Lateral leaflets petioled. 



b. Twigs, petioles and lower sides of leaves pubescent, 



F. pennsylvanica, p. 189. 

 bb. Twigs, petioles and lower sides of leaves essentially glabrous. 

 c. Lower sides of leaves essentially of the same color as the 

 upper; leaflet-margins rather finely sharp-serrate, 



F. pennsylvanica lanceolata, p. 19i. 



cc. Lower sides of leaves paler than the upper ; leaflet-margins 



entire or obscurely serrate F. americana, ]>. 187. 



WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF FRAXINUS 



a. Buds rusty-tomentose ; twigs more or less downy, 



F. pennsylvanica, p. 189 

 aa. Buds not tomentose; twigs not downy. 



b. Terminal bud black or nearly so, showing 3 pairs of scales in 

 cross-section ; bud-scales apiculate at the apex ; samaras with 

 broad wings, the seed portion flattish ; bark flaky, rubbing ofif on 



the hand F. nigra, p. 193. 



bb. Terminal bud brownish, showing 4 pairs of scales in cross- 

 section ; bud-scales rounded at the apex ; samaras with narrow 

 wings, the seed ]:)ortion terete; bark ridged, not flaky and rubl)ing 

 of¥ on the hand. 

 c. Upper margin of leaf-scars deeply concave, 



F. americana, p. 187. 



cc. Upper margin of leaf-scars not concave, but straight across or 



projecting upward F. pennsylvanica lanceolata, p. 191. 



