The Trees of Vermont 215 



Red Piue. Norway Pine 

 Pinus resinosa Ait. 



Characteristics. — Bark thick, red-brown, shallowly fissured into 

 broad, flat ridges ; sapwood thin, yellow to white ; heartwood pale red ; 

 non-porous ; growth rings very wide and distinct ; transition from 

 spring wood to summer wood very gradual ; rays numerous, faintly 

 distinct, with fusiform rays few and these chiefly rather low and broad; 

 resin ducts numerous, evenly scattered through the rings, with promi- 

 nent tyloses ; resin cells absent ; tracheids without spirals. 



Qualities. — Rather light in weight, 31 pounds per cubic foot, 

 seasoned; fairly soft; moderately strong; shrinkage 3 percent; warps 

 moderately ; not durable when exposed ; straight- and very close- 

 grained ; easily worked ; splits readily, but nails well. 



Uses. — Piles, flooring, sheathing, freight cars, poles, masts, etc. 



