238 Bulletin 194 



Ring-porous. Said of wood whose large pores are collected into a row or 



band in each growth ring. 

 Rough. Harsh to the touch; pubescent. 

 Rugose. Wrinkled. 



Samara. An indehiscent winged fruit. 



Sapwood. The living outer portion of a trunk or large branch of a tree 



between the heartwood and the bark. Page 195, VIII, b. 

 Scalariform. Having markings suggestive of a ladder. 

 Scales. Small modified leaves, usually thin and scarious, seen in buds and 



cones; the flakes into which the outer bark often divides. 

 Scaly. Provided with scales. 

 Scar. See leaf-scar. 



Scarious. Thin, dry, membranaceous; not green. 

 Scurfy. Covered with small bran-like scales. 

 Seed. The ripened ovule. 



Sepal. One of the divisions of a calyx. Page 8. 

 Seriate. Disposed in series or rows. 



Serrate. Toothed, the teeth sharp and pointing forward. Page 8. 

 Sessile. Without a stalk. 



Sheath. A thin enveloping part as of a leaf, any body enwrapping a stem. 

 Shrinkage. A contraction of any material, as wood, into less bulk or dimen- 

 sions. 

 Shrub. A bushy, woody growth, usually branched at or near the base, less 



than 15 feet in height. 

 Silhouette. A drawing having its outline filled in with uniform color, com- 

 monly black. 

 Simple. Of one piece; not compound. 

 Sinuate. Strongly wavy. Page 8. 

 Sinuous. In form like the path of a snake. 

 Sinus. The cleft or space between two lobes. 

 Smooth. Smooth to the touch; not pubescent. 



Spatulate. Wide and rounded at the apex, but gradually narrowed down- 

 ward. Page 7. 

 Sphagnous. Resembling or allied to the genus Sphagnum, a moss. 

 Spike. A simple inflorescence of sessile flowers arranged on a common, 



elongated axis (rachis). Page 9. 

 Spine. A sharp woody outgrowth from a stem. 

 Spirally. As though wound in a spiral around an axis. 

 Spirals. A term applied to the spiral thickenings of tracheids and vessels. 



Page 195, IX, c. 

 Spontaneous. Self-planted or generated; wild or sporadic; growing without 



human agency. 

 Spray. The aggregate of smaller branches and branchlets. 

 Spring wood. The wood produced early in the growing season, character- 

 ized by larger ducts and cells and thinner walls than the later growths 

 possess; the inner portion of each annual increment. 

 Simr. A hollow sac-like or tubular extension of some part of a blossom. 

 Stamen. The pollen-bearing organ of a flower, normally consisting of fila- 

 ment and anther. Page 8. 

 Staminate. Provided with stamens, but usually without pistils. 

 Staminodium. A sterile stamen. 



Sterile. Unproductive, as a flower without pistil, or a stamen without anther. 

 Stigma. The part of a pistil which receives the pollen. Page 8. 

 Stipules. Leaf-like appendages on either side of a leaf at the base of the 



petiole. 

 Stipule-scar. The scar left by the fall of a stipule. Page 10. 

 Striate. Marked with fine longitudinal stripes or ridges. 

 Strobile. A cone. 



Style. The part of a pistil connecting ovary with stigma. Page 8. 

 Sub-. A prefix applied to many botanical terms, indicating somewhat or 



slightly. 

 Subtend. To lie under or opposite to. 

 Sucker. A shoot arising from a subterranean part of a plant. 



