VERNONIA, 



NovEBORACENSis Iron Weed 



VICIA, 



Caroj.iniana Tare 



SATRA Vetch 



CRACCA Tufted Vetch 



VIOLA, 



PALusTRis Marsh Violet 



PEDA 1 A Bird's-foot Violet 



SAGi'iiATA Arroiv-leaved Violet 



ROSi'KATA spurred Violet 



LANCEOLATA Laiice Violet 



ROTuxDiFOLiA Rouiid Violet 



PUBE^CENS Doiuny Violet 



ERiocARPA Woolly Violct 



Can \densis Canada Violet 



BLAXD White Violet 



SeUvIrkii Rooster Violet 



Several species have cleistogamous flowers 

 under ground, their own pollen fertilizing their 

 own ovules. Some of the flowers are so 

 irregular as to require insect agency. Children 

 take the spurred blossoms and fight until the 

 other has lost its head, which gives the common 

 name, "roosters." 



WALDSTEINIA, 



Fragarioides Barren Strazvberry 



WOODSIA, 



obTt:sa Rock Poly pod 



IVof. Leo. Lesquereux. with Mr. Mansfield, 

 spent several } ears examining the fossil plants 

 and ferns of Beaver county, and from those 

 found in connection with Cannel Coals, decided 

 the present fern flora partook of the character 

 of the fossil flora, and that the evolutionary 

 theory could not be accepted. 



101 



